CELLS LESSON Enduring Understanding: Cells have distinct and separate organelles which perform all the life functions for their survival.

Cell Major Understandings Explain how cells are designed to perform specific jobs. Given a diagram of a cell identify and describe the function of the given organelles. List and compare how structures present in some single celled organisms act in a manner similar to tissues and systems found in multicellular organisms. How an organism functions at the cellular level to maintain homeostasis.

COMMON CELL TRAITS A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

COMPARING CELLS The size & shape of a cell relates to its function. (job it does)

CELL WALL protects the cell gives shape is made of cellulose A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most bacteria.

CELL MEMBRANE Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells For cells with cell walls,the cell membrane is inside the cell wall Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell. Regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

CYTOPLASM gelatin-like inside cell membrane constantly flows (cyclosis) aka protoplasm Site where most chemical reactions take take place

NUCLEUS Directs all cell activities Contains instructions for everything the cell does These instructions are found on a hereditary material called DNA Usually the largest organelle

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE separates nucleus from cytoplasm controls movement of materials in & out of nucleus

NUCLEOLUS Aka “little nucleus” Found in the nucleus Makes the ribosomes

CHROMATIN contains genetic code that controls cell made of DNA & proteins

RIBOSOMES Make proteins Site of protein synthesis Float freely or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus

CHLOROPLASTS Green organelles that make food (sugar) found only in plant cells

CHLOROPHYLL A green pigment that gives leaves & stems their color Captures sunlight energy that is used to produce food called glucose Glucose is a type of sugar

MITOCHONDRIA Organelles that release energy from food (respiration) This energy is released by breaking down food into carbon dioxide AKA the powerhouse b/c they release energy from food Some muscle cells have 20,000 mitochondria

VACUOLES Temporary storage spaces Store food, water, waste

FROM CELL TO ORGANISM Tissue Group of cells working together Group of tissues working together Organ System Group of organs working together Organism Any living thing made of 1 or more cells

1- Nucleus 2- Chromosomes 7- ER 3- Mitochondria 5- Chloroplasts 8- Cell Membrane 4- Ribosomes 6- Vacuoles