ORGANIC MOLECULES CARBOHYDRATES

CARBOHYDRATE-RICH FOODS White flour Oatmeal Pasta Potato / Yam Brown rice Corn Beans Bagel Wholegrain cereals Fruits and Fruit juice Candies Cookies

CARBOHYDRATES Made of: C, H, O Monomer (Subunit): monosaccharide Functions: Short term energy storage Makes up cell walls of plants

3 TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide “Saccharide” = “sugar” “mono” = “one” “di” = “two” “poly” = “many”

MONOSACCHARIDES Smallest carbohydrate All have C6H12O6 chemical formula, but the structure is different (isomers) Three important monosaccharides: Glucose Fructose Galactose

STRUCTURE OF MONOSACCHARIDES Galactose H

Two monosaccharides bonded together. Three important disaccharides: Maltose Sucrose Lactose

STRUCTURE OF DISACCHARIDES

POLYSACCHARIDES Many monosaccharides bonded together Also called “complex carbohydrates” Three important polysaccharides: Starch Glycogen Cellulose

STRUCTURE OF POLYSACCHARIDES

STARCH Function: energy for plants Structure: slightly branched chain of glucose molecules Found in: Rice Wheat Corn Potatoes

GLYCOGEN Function: energy for animals Structure: highly branched chain of glucose molecules Found in: Muscle and liver cells

CELLULOSE Function: forms the cell walls of plants and gives structural support Structure: Straight chains of glucose molecules Found in: wood paper (any part of a plant) Humans cannot digest cellulose Some animals have bacteria in their digestive systems to help digest it