4.05 Remember the structures & functions of the reproductive system

4.05 Remember the structures & functions of the reproductive system Essential questions What are the structures of the reproductive system? What are the functions of the reproductive system? 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Structures of the female reproductive system 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Structures of the female reproductive system Ovary (female gonad)- (2) located on either side of pelvic cavity About the size of an almond Functions- Produces and stores the female egg cell called- (Ova-female gamete for reproduction) Produces hormones- Estrogen and Progesterone FYI The ovas are the largest cells in the human body. 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Functions of the female reproductive system Ova- Females are born with all the eggs she will ever have! A female will mature about 400 ova during her reproductive years! 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Structures of the female reproductive system Fallopian tubes Also known as oviduct or uterine tube. Extend from each side of the uterus. Approximately 4” long But are not attached to the ovaries, they open into the abdominal cavity. 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Functions of the female reproductive system Fallopian tube- Ova migrate down the fallopian tube to the uterus If the ova gets fertilized and does not make it to the uterus, it is called an ectopic pregnancy. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Structures of the female reproductive system Uterus- Hollow, thick-walled, pear-shaped, highly muscular organ. Lies behind the urinary bladder and in front of the rectum. 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Structures of the female reproductive system Structure of the Uterus- Fundus- Bulging upper part of the uterus Body- The body is the middle portion Cervix- The narrow portion that extends into the vagina 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Structures of the female reproductive system 3 layers of the Uterus- Perimetrium –outer layer Myometrium-thick muscular, middle layer Endometrium-inner mucous layer Perimetrium Myometrium Endometrium 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Functions of the female reproductive system Uterus- What is the function of the uterus? This is where the fetus develops! 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Structures of the female reproductive system Cervix- The cervix is the narrow opening of the uterus Extends into the vagina Approximately one inch long 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Functions of the female reproductive system Cervix- What is the function of the cervix? Menstrual flow Closed during pregnancy Dilates to 10cm during labor for childbirth 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Structures of the female reproductive system Vagina- Smooth muscular tube that leads from the cervix to the outside of the body. Approximately 4 inches long Also known as the “Birth Canal” Hymen- External opening of the vagina may be covered by a perforated membrane for menstrual flow Enlarged during first intercourse 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Functions of the female reproductive system 3 Functions of the Vagina- Menstruation Intercourse Childbirth 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Structures of the female reproductive system External genitalia or Vulva- External organs of female reproductive area Provide protection for the internal reproductive organs 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Functions of the female reproductive system Labias- Folds of skin that surround and protect the vagina and urinary meatus Labia majora- Outer folds composed of fat deposits that surround the entrance to the vagina Labia minora- inner folds 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Structures of the female reproductive system Clitoris- Highly sensitive female erectile tissue Perineum- Area between the vagina (vulva) and anus Area for Episiotomy (incision for childbirth) 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Structures of the female reproductive system Check your knowledge... Ovary Fallopian tube Uterus Clitoris Cervix Vagina 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Functions of the female reproductive system Breasts (Mammary glands )- Accessory reproductive organs Function- Milk secretion 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Structures of the female reproductive system Breasts (Mammary glands)- Consists of 15 or 20 lobes of glanular and adipose tissue Areola- Darkened area that surrounds the nipple 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Functions of the female reproductive system Menstrual Cycle- Usually 28 days Four stages: Follicle stage Ovulation stage Corpus luteum stage Menstruation stage 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Functions of the female reproductive system What is the time when menstruation begins/ends? MENARCHE: Menstruation begins! Between ages 9-14 years old. MENOPAUSE: Menstruation ends! Between ages 45-55, can last 15 years. Can be induced prematurely by Oophorectomy (removal of ovaries). 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Functions of the female reproductive system Follicle stage- Usually lasts about 10 days Follicle-stimulating (FSH) hormone is released by the pituitary to begin ovulation FSH stimulates the follicle and ovum to mature Resulting in the release of Estrogen and preparation of the uterine lining 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Functions of the female reproductive system Ovulation stage- The pituitary stops producing FSH and starts producing Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Now 3 Hormones - LH, estrogen, and FSH are-circulating within the female body At day 14 in the menstrual cycle, the follicle ruptures and the ovum is released (Ovulation) 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Functions of the female reproductive system Corpus luteum stage (Luteal phase)- Secretes Progesterone and continues to do so if the egg is fertilized Prevents further ovulation and maintains the uterine lining Lasts about 14 days 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Functions of the female reproductive system Menstruation stage (Final stage)- Discharge of unfertilized ovum and degenerated endometrium if pregnancy has not occurred The corpus luteum diminishes progesterone production The uterine lining is broken down and discharged over the course of 3 to 6 days 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Functions of the female reproductive system Check your knowledge... 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Structures & functions of the male reproductive system 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Functions of the male reproductive system Hormone production- What is the male sex hormone? Testosterone What does Testosterone do? Development of male reproductive organs Sex drive Secondary male sex characteristics Production of sperm 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Structures of the male reproductive system Sperm or spermatozoa- The male gamete (sex cell) for reproduction Smallest cell in the human body. 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Functions of the male reproductive system Sperm- Approximately 100 million in 1ml seminal fluid! (If < 20 million, male considered sterile). Large quantity necessary because a great number are destroyed before they even reach the ova. Function is reproduction! 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Functions of the male reproductive system: Pathway for Sperm from Spermatogenesis to ejaculation: Testes (Seminiferous tubules → Epididymis) → Vas Deferans → Ejaculatory Duct → Urethra 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Structures of the male reproductive system Scrotum- External sac of skin that contains the Testes 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Structures of the male reproductive system Testes (2)- Male Gonads- Primary male reproductive organ About the size and shape of an egg Produce sperm

Functions of the male reproductive system: Structures of the Testes- Seminiferous tubules- Each teste contains 1-4 minute, convoluted tubules Area of sperm production (Spermatogenesis) Takes about 74 days to mature Epididymis- Finalizes sperm development and connects to the testes to Vas deferens for storage 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Structures of the male reproductive system Vas deferens (aka: Ductus deferens)- A continuation of the epididymis Approximately 45cm long Stores sperm Connects the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

Structures of the male reproductive system Seminal vesicles- Produce seminal fluid and nutrients that protect and transport the sperm when it is ejaculated 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Structures of the male reproductive system Ejaculatory duct- Short, narrow ducts that descend into the prostate gland to join the Vas deferens with the urethra Function to discharge sperm into the urethra 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Structures of the male reproductive system Urethra- Belongs to the Urinary system and the Reproductive system Shared passage way for urine and sperm Closed off by the prostate during ejaculation

Structures of the male reproductive system Prostate gland- Surrounds the urethra at the neck of the bladder About the size of a strawberry or a chestnut What would happen if it hypertrophied (enlarged)? As it enlarges, it clamps around the urethra causing retention and UTI’s Called BPH 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

Functions of the male reproductive system: Prostate gland- What is the function of the secretion produced by the prostate gland? Aids in the expulsion of semen Enhances the motility of sperm to be able to swim to reach the ova for fertilization 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Functions of the male reproductive system: Bulbourethral glands- Also called Cowper’s gland Pea-sized; located inferior to the prostate It is a clear, viscous pre-ejaculate secretion. Its function is to help lubricate the urethra for sperm to pass, neutralize traces of acidic urine in the urethra, & raise pH uterus. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Structures of the male reproductive system Penis- External organ of reproduction Contains erectile tissue Prepuce (foreskin)- Covers the tip of the penis Circumcision is a procedure to remove the foreskin

Functions of the male reproductive system: What is the reproductive function of the penis? Copulation Transport of sperm for reproduction 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system

Functions of the male reproductive system: REVIEW Pathway for Sperm from Spermatogenesis to ejaculation: Testes (Seminiferous tubules → Epididymis) → Vas Deferans → Ejaculatory Duct → Urethra 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System

4.05 Remember the structures of the reproductive system Essential question What are the structures of the reproductive system? What are the functions of the reproductive system? 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System