PLEURAL LESIONS LESIONS OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

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Presentation transcript:

PLEURAL LESIONS LESIONS OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT By: Shefaa’ Qa’qa’

PLEURAL LESIONS

Pleural effusion: Transudate/ hydrothorax: CHF Exudate (protein >2.9gm/dL / inflammatory cells): Suppurative pleuritis/empyema Cancer---- hemorrhagic pleuritis Pulmonary infarction Viral pleuritis SLE, rheumatoid arthritis Uremia Previous thoracic surgery

Pneumothorax ----- Air/gas in the pleural sac Spontaneous pneumothorax Secondary pneumothorax Emphysema lung abscess Tuberculosis Carcinoma Fractured rib Mechanical ventilatory support Tension pneumothorax/ one-way valve ----- shock

Hemothorax---- ruptured intrathoracic aortic aneurysm Chylothorax---- lymphatic fluid/obstruction of the major lymph ducts

Malignant Mesothelioma: cancer of mesothelial cells parietal or visceral pleura peritoneum Pericardium asbestos

LESIONS OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

common cold ------ rhinoviruses Acute pharyngitis ----- β-hemolytic streptococcal------ RF, GN EBV ----- IM Acute bacterial epiglottitis ----- H. influenzae Croup------ laryngotracheobronchitis/ parainfluenza virus/inspiratory stridor

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: EBV Chinese keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma/lymphoepitheliomas radiosensitive

Laryngeal Tumors: Vocal cord nodules--- heavy smokers/singers

Laryngeal papilloma: squamous papilloma Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP): Multiple Children HPV

Carcinoma of the Larynx: Smokers Alcohol HPV Asbestos Squamous cell carcinomas ----- hoarseness glottic tumors: 60% to 75%, 90% of glottic tumors are confined to the larynx at diagnosis??? supraglottic: 25% to 40% Subglottic: less than 5%

Rhinitis Nasal Polyps Sinonasal (Schneiderian) Papilloma