What is development?

Development: An increase in overall income (GDP, GNI) Distribution of freedom within society Improvements in overall well-being Lasting, long-term socioeconomic change Sustainable environmental change Complex, complicated adaptive system Global interactions & partnerships Development:

Single Indicators: TFR - CBR - CDR - Doctors/capita - MR - Internet - Connectivity We can measure development through single index indicators which take into account particular components or aspects of development…

Composite Indexes: Human Development Index Social Progress Index Gender Inequality Index HOWEVER, a better measure of development usually takes multiple indicators into account, recognizing that ‘development’ is a complex phenomenon. These indicators are called composite indexes and measure development over time.

HDI First established by economist Mahbub ul Haq Expanded by famous Amartya Sen

Human Development Index Which 3 indicators would you choose to develop a composite about development? Like the Gender Inequality Index, the HDI is a composite measure of development. It is measured through Life Expectancy Education Index (mean years of schooling + expected years of schooling = index) Per Capita Income (GDP per capita)

HDI ranks countries into four tiers (levels) of development Are people in countries able to ‘be’ and ‘do’ what they wish? Very high human development Norway, Australia, Ireland, Singapore, Germany High human development Brazil, Mexico, Romania, Panama, Malaysia Medium human development Botswana, Vietnam, Uzbekistan, Philippines Low human development Pakistan, Nigeria, Yemen, Tanzania, Rwanda