Foreign Affairs and the Nation

French Revolution Mob stormed the Bastille (Paris prison) releasing the prisoners and killing the prison governor

U.S. Response Initially supported the revolution Inspired by the ideal of republican rule French liked idea of what American’s did U.S. and France bonded by Treaty of 1778 Support or not?

Reaction to Revolution Support divided among party lines Democratic-Republicans (Jefferson and Madison) wanted to honor treaty and support France Federalists (Hamilton) wanted to back the British Washington declares neutrality Did not want to enter another war French had sent Edmond Genet to Americas to win support Began to recruit American’s to fight against British Genet’s support no longer in power in France = became an American citizen Jefferson protested these actions and with accusations of being radical stepped down from his cabinet position

Treaty with Spain U.S. wanted land claims West of the Miss. Rvr. Spain still owned Florida and Louisiana Territory Spain had signed treaty with France Fearing British-American attack on Louisiana Territory they agreed to meet with Thomas Pinckney in which a treaty was signed Spain gives up all claims to land east of Miss. Rvr. (except Florida) and to open up Miss. Rvr for Americans to use

Native American Resistance Native Americans in N.W. territory never accepted provisions of the treaty Demanded direct negotiations with U.S. When settlers moved in territory, N.A. attacked them Army sent to Ohio but defeated by Little Turtle (chief of the Miami tribe)

Battle of Fallen Timbers Washington appoints Gen. Anthony Wayne to lead federal troops against N.A. Little Turtle urges his people to seek peace Little Turtle replaced Wayne defeats Miami Confederacy at Fallen Timbers Marched past British fort nearby and built own fort Victory ends N.A. resistance in Ohio Began paying N.A. a lot less $ than what land was worth

Jay’s Treaty John Jay = chief justice of the Supreme Court In Britain during Fallen Timber negotiating treaty with Britain Who would control territory West of App. Mtns? British left post after hearing of victory in Fallen Timber and treaty signed in 1794 Angered Americans because it allowed British to continue fur trade on the American side of Canadian border

Adams is Criticized Washington does not seek 3rd term in office Bitter political fight over Jay’s Treaty and division between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans was growing In “Farewell Address” Washington urges nation to not seek permanent alliances Presidential election of 1796 Fight between Federalist John Adams and Democratic – Republican Thomas Jefferson

Adams won the vote Constitution says runner-up should become Vice President (different political parties) Sectionalism becomes relevant South voted for Jefferson and North for Adams

Adams Wants to Avoid War Adams faces possible war with France France disagrees with Jay Treaty and does not accept new American ambassador and began to seize American ships headed to Britain Adams sends 3 people to negotiate treaty XYZ Affair = Frances decision to send 3 low-level officials who demanded $250k to see French Prime Minister Anti-France movement begins Congress creates Navy and begins to seize French vessels Undeclared Naval between U.S. and France lasts 2 yrs.

Alien and Sedition Acts Many Federalists believe there were French agents plotting to overthrow government Alien Sedition Acts 3 of 4 measures (Alien Acts) raised the residence requirement for American citizenship from 5 – 14 yrs and allowed President to deport of jail any alien considered “undesirable” 1 of 4 measures (Sedition Acts) set fines and jail terms for anyone trying or hinder the operation of the government or expressing “false, scandalous, and malicious statements” against the government

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Jefferson and Madison saw Alien and Sedition Acts as misuse of power by federal government Set up opposition by appealing to states Madison drew up resolutions adopted by Virginia legislature Jefferson did the same with Kentucky Principle of notification- states had right to nullify any act of Congress that the saw unconstitutional Eventually died out but showed the issue of balance of power between state and federal government

Death of G.W. G.W. remained active in government Dec. 14, 1799 G.W. dies after catching cold Buried at Mt. Vernon G.W.’s death helped with improving relations with France Napoleon, who is not 1st Consul of France, ordered 10 days of mourning for G.W.

Jefferson Becomes President Adams the monarch vs. Jefferson the religion killer Jefferson beats Adams Running partner Aaron Burr ties him Jefferson comes out on top Congress passes 12th Amendment (separate ballots for President and Vice President)

What Did Jefferson Do? Replaced some Federalists with Dem-Rep. Balance our government Believes simple gov’t is best gov’t Tried to shrink gov’t and cut spending Reduced size of army Stopped expansion of Navy Lowered gov’t expenses for social functions Free-trade > gov’t controlled trade

The Supreme Court Federalists still control Judicial Branch John Marshall appointed by John Adams Adams continues to fill positions with Federalists Judiciary Act of 1801 -> increased # of judges by 16 Midnight Judges -> Adams assigns these roles to Federalists on his last night in office Jefferson argues these are invalid appointments Marbury vs. Madison (pg. 206)

Expansion West Ohio grows from 45k to 231k Quote pg. 199 Settlers go through Cumberland Gap to get to places in the West Louisiana Purchase Jefferson afraid French presence would force U.S. into alliance with Britain Sends James Monroe to Paris to eliminate this problem Bought land for $15 mil.

Lewis and Clark Set out to explore the West Quote (pg. 197) Pg. 200 Expected to map waterways, animals, and encounters with the Native Americans Sacajawea becomes their guide and interpreter