Madison And the War of 1812

Madison Intro

Causes of the War A. Impressment of sailors-British navy would stop American ships and would force U.S. sailors into service in the British Navy. B. Embargo Act-Ended trading with all of Europe to maintain neutrality. What are some possible effects of this?

C. Non Intercourse Act-Now it was all right to trade with all but France and Britain. Led to smuggling and an even more depressed economy. D. Indians -Stop attacks that were supported by Britain

Non-intercourse act

War Hawks- Westerners that wanted a war with Britain Leaders Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun B. Opposition led by Daniel Webster from Massachusetts C. Nation Divided- 1. South and West- favored war (land/Indian problems) 2. New England- opposed war because U.S traded with England

Indian Problem A. Treaty of 1809-William Henry Harrison convinced a few Indian tribes to sell 8 million acres for less than an1/8 cent per acre. B. Tecumseh was a Shawnee Indian Chief. He united many Indian tribes throughout the Ohio Valley in opposition.

C. Battle of Tippecanoe- Prophet (Tecumseh’s brother and religious leader) disobeyed Tecumseh’s orders and attacked the army that was searching for Tecumseh. William Henry Harrison defeated the Indians at the Battle of Tippecanoe. This destroyed Tecumseh’s dream of an Indian Confederation.

National Road and Tippecanoe

The War of 1812 Begins A. Britain was fighting against France so they sent over second rate troops (to the U.S). This will change when Napoleon is defeated. Britain now will send her best troops and navy to the U.S. B. U.S. was unprepared—Old leaders from the Revolution—most land battles were disasters.

C. U.S. Navy did well 1. Oliver Hazard Perry- captured Lake Erie. His ship the Lawrence flew banners that said “ Don’t Give up the Ship”. 2. When his ship was destroyed they grabbed the ship’s banner and use a rowboat to get to another ship where they took command and destroyed the British Fleet. 3. The British surrendered . Perry said to Harrison “We have met the enemy and they are ours” D. Washington D.C. burned by the British in retaliation for U.S. burning Canadian towns. 1. Government officials and citizens flee the city. 2. Dolly Madison saved many articles including many important papers and a famous painting of George Washington.

E. Fort McHenry (protects Baltimore) 1. Fort’s commander had asked for a flag so large that the British will have no difficulty seeing it. 2. The large flag flew over the fort during a 25 hour battle. 3. Francis Scott Key was held prisoner on a British ship in the harbor. From the ship, he watched the all night battle. At dawn he was thrilled to see that the flag still flew. This indicated that the Americans had won the battle. This inspired him to write the “Star Spangled Banner” - our national anthem.

F. Battle of New Orleans -most famous American victory. 1. Andrew Jackson became famous because his men defeated the British troops that had defeated Napoleon. 2. Due to poor/slow communication, this battle occurred 2 weeks after the war ended. Both William Henry Harrison and Andrew Jackson (war heroes) went on to become Presidents.

G. Treaty of Ghent—ended the war. There was no clear cut winner G. Treaty of Ghent—ended the war. There was no clear cut winner. It did not address any of the areas that started the war.

War of 1812 Impressment of U.S Citizens Increased American patriotism Weakened Native American resistance Interference with American Shipping War of 1812 British support of Native-American resistance U.S manufacturing grew

Causes of war Impressment of U.S Citizens Interference with American Shipping British support of Native-American resistance

Effects of War Increased American patriotism Weakened Native American resistance U.S manufacturing grew

Impressment: (noun) Why more Patriotic? The kidnapping of men in order to force them into military service. In the 1800s it was practiced by the British, often against American merchant ships Why more Patriotic? The Americans had fought a war with the world’s super power and did not lose. They gained respect from other countries and felt unified. Nationalism: (noun) Pride, loyalty and devotion to one’s nation.

Why Attack U.S. Vessels? Manufactured good: Britain was at war with France and stopped U.S. ships they thought were trading with France. Also stopped ships to IMPRESS sailors. Manufactured good: (industry) products that have been made from a raw material, esp as a large-scale operation using machinery

Why did the British incite the Native Americans to attack U. S Why did the British incite the Native Americans to attack U.S. settlers? Britain feared American intentions to invade Canada (British territory). They were right; some Americans thought we should try to take over Canada. Was the U.S. justified [did they have a valid reason] for pushing Native Americans west? Your opinion here.

Did the treaty solve the problems between the two countries? No: there was no exchange of territory, no trade concessions, neither side admitted fault. How did it promote economic change? Before the war the U.S. got most manufactured goods from Britain. During the war the U.S. either had to do without or figure it out. The U.S. figured it out and began to industrialize.