Make a 3-tab foldable like the one below…

Label your tabs: Participles Gerunds Infinitives

Participles A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective.

Present Participles Present participles consist of the plain form of the verb plus –ing. The pouring rain drove us inside. Watching the clock, the coach became worried.

Present Participles Although participles are formed from verbs, they are not used to stand alone as verbs; however, they may be used with a helping verb to from a verb phrase. The rain was pouring. The coach had been watching the clock.

Past Participles Past participles usually consist of the plain form of the verb plus –d or –ed. Others are irregularly formed. A peeled and sliced cucumber can be added to a salad. The speaker, known for her eloquence, drew applause from the audience.

Past Participles A past participle can also be part of a verb phrase. When it is used in a verb phrase, it is part of the verb, not an adjective. She was told that tickets were available. She has corrected her homework.

Practice The prancing horses were loudly applauded by the delighted audience. The colorful flags, waving in the breeze, brightened the gloomy day. Swaggering and boasting, he made the entire team extremely angry. The game scheduled for tonight has been postponed due to rain.

Check Your Answers The prancing horses were loudly applauded by the delighted audience. The colorful flags, waving in the breeze, brightened the gloomy day. Swaggering and boasting, he made the entire team extremely angry. The game scheduled for tonight has been postponed due to rain.

Gerund A gerund is a verb form ending in –ing that is used as a noun.

Gerunds Singing is fun. Their favorite exercise is running. subject Their favorite exercise is running. Predicate nominative Shelly likes swimming. Direct object Get special shoes for jogging. Object of preposition ***Note: Gerunds could be replaced with IT***

Be careful with gerunds! Just because it has an –ing doesn’t mean it’s a gerund: Accepting the coach’s advice, she was planning to go on with her training.

Accepting the coach’s advice, she was planning to go on with her training. Accepting is a present participle. Planning is part of the verb phrase was planning. Training is a gerund.

Practice Her laughing attracted my attention. By studying, you can improve your grades. One requirement is boating.

Answers Her laughing attracted my attention. By studying, you can improve your grades. One requirement is boating.

Infinitives An infinitive is a verb form, usually preceded by to, that can be used as a noun, adjective, or adverb.

Infinitives To love is to care. That was a record to beat. noun That was a record to beat. adjective Ready to go, we loaded the car. adverb Sabina Miller jumped to shoot.

Infinitives vs Prepositions To + verb To run To read To talk To + noun To school To him To the beach

Practice Barbara’s ambition is to fly. The road to take is the one on the left. Fred has learned to dance. I am happy to oblige. An easy way to win at tennis does not exist.

Answer Barbara’s ambition is to fly. The road to take is the one on the left. Fred has learned to dance. I am happy to oblige. An easy way to win at tennis does not exist.