Section 2: Wave Properties

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Presentation transcript:

Section 2: Wave Properties Waves, Chapter 11 Section 2: Wave Properties

Ways Waves Differ How much energy they carry How fast they travel How they look Transverse waves have crests (the highest points) and troughs (the lowest points) http://library.thinkquest.org/15433/unit5/transv1.gif

Ways Waves Differ How they look Compressional waves have dense regions called compressions and less dense regions called rarefactions http://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow2/apr99/soundwavediagram.gif

Wavelength & Frequency Wavelength: the distance between one crest and the next crest Frequency: how many wavelengths pass a fixed point each second http://www.electrical-res.com/EX/10-16-09/wave_m9.jpg

Frequency Expressed in cycles per second, or hertz (Hz) As frequency increases, wavelength decreases The frequency of a wave equals the rate of vibration of the source that creates it http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kbd8QUkRbjw

Wave Velocity Wave velocity (v) describes how fast the wave moves forward Velocity = wavelength x frequency, or v = λ x f Light waves travel faster than sound waves lightning vs. thunder: Which comes first? Sound waves travel faster in liquids and solids than in gases Light waves travel faster in gases and empty space than in liquids and solids

Amplitude Amplitude: a measure of the energy in a wave The more energy a wave carries, the greater its amplitude http://www.electrical-res.com/EX/10-16-09/wave_m9.jpg

Amplitude: Compressional Amplitude of compressional waves is related to how tightly the medium is pushed together at the compression The tighter the coils, the more energy it takes to push them together http://sciencevault.net/11hscphys/82worldcommunicates/pics/822%20sound2.gif

Amplitude: Compressional The denser the compressions, the larger the amplitude is, and the more energy the wave carries The less dense the rarefactions, the larger the amplitude is, and the more energy the wave carries

Amplitude: Transverse The distance from the crest or trough of a wave to the rest (normal) position of the medium Which wave has a greater amplitude (more energy)? http://www.antonine-education.co.uk/Physics_A2/Module_4/Topic_4/wav_10.gif