The Growth of Nationalism Ch. 8-4, P. 290

Essential Questions What were some signs of a new nationalism after the war of 1812? Why was the election of 1824 so controversial? What new political parties emerged in 1828, and what views did they represent?

Key Terms Dartmouth College v. Woodward McCulloch v. Maryland Gibbons v. Ogden Monroe Doctrine American System

Nationalism at Home (The Era of Good Feelings) During James Monroe’s two terms, there was only one political party – Thomas Jefferson’s Democratic Republican Party. The War of 1812 was a fading memory. The Industrial Revolution was happening. Strong tariffs protected American businesses from foreign competition. The future looked bright.

Nationalism at Home (The Marshall Court) The Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice John Marshall, ruled in several cases that reflected the new sense of nationalism – the idea that the federal government should be strong and powerful. In McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), they ruled that the federal government had the right to create the 2nd National Bank and Maryland could not apply a special tax to the operations of it. In Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819), they ruled that states did not have the right to interfere in contracts signed between two people or groups. In Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), they ruled that the federal government, and not the states, had the right to regulate business that crosses state lines.

Nationalism Abroad (The Monroe Doctrine) Monroe was concerned that European countries, now at peace, would resume trying to colonize the Western Hemisphere. In his address to Congress on December 2, 1823, he told them to stay out of what he considered America’s neighborhood: -The US would not get involved in European problems. -The US would not interfere with existing European colonies in the Americas. -However, the US would not allow any more colonies to be created. -Any further attempt to colonize the western hemisphere would be met with force.

The Corrupt Bargain of 1824 In the 1824 election, 4 Democratic-Republicans ran for President: Henry Clay of Kentucky, creator of the American System, lawyer, representative, and senator. John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, Secretary of War, Senator, slavery advocate. John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts, son of John Adams, senator, diplomat, Secretary of State. Andrew Jackson of Tennessee, war hero, representative, senator.

The Corrupt Bargain of 1824 In the election, none of the candidates got a majority of the electoral votes. Jackson, blue, was the closest, with 38%. Adams, orange, carried the Northeast for 33% Henry Clay, purple, got 3 states for 14%. William Crawford, green, got 16%.* *John C. Calhoun dropped out, and positioned himself to be Vice President.

The Corrupt Bargain of 1824 According to the Constitution, the House of Representatives would choose from among the three highest candidates. This meant Henry Clay was out, but as Speaker of the House, he was in a unique position to influence the election. He hated Andrew Jackson, and swung the House in favor of John Quincy Adams. Later, Adams offered Clay the position of Secretary of State. Jackson was furious, labeling Clay “Judas of the West.”

New Parties Emerge Following the election, Adams and Clay and their supporters formed the National Republican Party. They instituted the American System – high tariffs, easy credit under the national bank, and internal improvements like roads, bridges, canals, and harbors. Andrew Jackson and his followers formed the Democratic Party, which exists to this day. Jacksonian Democrats in Congress blocked National Republicans’ efforts plans at every opportunity. Jacksonian Democrats favored Jefferson’s idea of a limited federal government.

New Parties Emerge Democratic Party Whig Party Democrats stood for the 'sovereignty of the people' as expressed in popular demonstrations, constitutional conventions, and majority rule as a general principle of governing. Whigs advocated the rule of law, written and unchanging constitutions, and protections for minority interests against majority tyranny.

New Parties Emerge In the 1828 election, Jackson would prevail against John Quincy Adams, 178-83 in the Electoral College. There were three times the number of voters in the last election. This was due to giving voting rights to poor white men who identified more with Andrew Jackson. Andrew Jackson, blue, won 68% of the Electoral Votes. John Quincy Adams, orange, won 32% of the Electoral Votes..