Lesson 8 Impact of World War II

Lesson 8 Impact of World War II Learning Objectives Evaluate the goals that Allied leaders set for the postwar world. Describe the steps that United States and other nations took toward international cooperation. Explain the impact of World War II on the postwar United States. Yalta Conference superpowers General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) United Nations (UN) Universal Declaration of Human Rights Geneva Convention Nuremberg Trials

Planning the Postwar World VE Day – Victory in Europe Day May 7, 1945 VJ Day – Victory in Japan Day Aug 15, 1945 WWII – Turning point in the world End the largest war in human history Start the era of the Cold War USA v. USSR America takes an important role in the world Spread Democracy.

Planning the Postwar World Planning Peace Yalta Conference (February 1945) Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin meet to discuss post WWII Peace Talks 2) Stalin agreed to free elections in Eastern Europe 3) Stalin agreed to help the U.S. in the war against Japan and to join the United Nations Potsdam Conference (July 1945) Truman, Clement Atlee, Stalin 1)They agreed to divide Germany into 4 occupied zones after the war While at Potsdam – Truman learns of a successful test of the Atomic Weapon

Analyze Data Why were U. S. civilian deaths so low. Why do you think U Analyze Data Why were U.S. civilian deaths so low? Why do you think U.S. military deaths were higher than Britain’s even though Britain had been fighting longer?

International Impact of the War Worldwide political changes - (Leads to the Cold War) Differences between Allies and USSR Divide Germany (East/West) Communist vs. Non-Communist China Occupation of Japan Created new constitution for Japan No military only for defense, women right to vote, democratic reforms Created economic recovery. Gen. Douglas McArthur – leads military occupation War weakens imperialism Countries seek independence Major European nations not longer as strong as they were Japan reduced their power France looses colonies in Indochina (India, Vietnam)

International Impact of the War World War II altered the map of Europe, especially Eastern Europe. Analyze Maps What happened to Germany between the end of World War II and 1950?

Superpowers EAST v. WEST United States Spread Democracy USSR – United Socialist of the Soviet Republic Spread Communism

International Organizations and Treaties America’s new role in the world International superpower Economy + Military Peace keeper Reflect on the failure of Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations Economy Ended Great Depression International Monetary Fund and World Bank Establish international economic stability General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Reduce tariffs Increase international trade World Trade Organization (1995) Replace GATT

International Organizations and Treaties Make GeneralizationsWhat does the rise of these organizations after World War II tell you about the postwar world economy?

United Nations United Nations – International peace keeping organization 50 + nations meet Lead by the World Powers – (US, USSR, Britain, France, China) Permanent seats in the Security Council. Universal Declaration of Rights (4 Freedoms) Rights to all people All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

International Organizations and Treaties American, British, and Soviet delegates vote at a United Nations meeting. The three Allies held permanent seats on the Security Council, but wartime cooperation soon turned to conflict.

War Crimes Geneva Convention Nuremberg Trials International agreement governing humane treatment of wounded and prisoners of war Nuremberg Trials Prosecuted Nazis for War Crimes Hermann Gorig - highest-ranking Nazi official tried at Nuremberg It was Goring who ordered Security Police chief Reinhard Heydrich to organize and coordinate a "total solution" to the "Jewish question.“ Sentenced to death – eventually committed suicide in cell. Hediki Tojo – waging war Sentenced to death

Domestic Impact of the War Leader on a Global stage International relations No longer could America be truly “isolated” Leader of the Free world Economy and Government Ended America’s Great Depression International Postwar economic growth – GATT Greater Government influence on economy NEW DEAL + Lend Lease + War Production Board Power of the Presidency War Powers Act – gave the president broad military powers Executive Orders Censorship Board – Banned discrimination in hiring process. Equal rights African Americans – Fought against Racism and Communism