Interactive Notebook Setup 11/8/2017 Trans-Saharan & Swahili Coast Trade This will be one page

Indian Ocean Trade PART TWO Trans-Saharan Trade Indian Ocean Trade PART TWO Swahili City-States

Trans-Saharan Trade Like the Silk and Sea Roads  this trade begins as a result of environmental variation What does each region have to offer? North African coastal areas = cloth, glassware, weapons, books Sahara region = copper and salt Savanna grasslands = grain crops Sub-Saharan forests = tree crops like yam and kola nuts

Trans- Saharan trade Sporadic encounters for more than 1,000 years Long-distance trade helped spur on the development of kingdoms in east and central Africa. Trade and its wealth helped establish large and powerful kingdoms Sporadic encounters for more than 1,000 years Initiators of trade were Berber nomads of North Africa What was traded?: Salt, Ivory, Slaves, Gold, Helped the spread of Islam Muslim traders not only exchanged salt, but their religion

Trans-Saharan Trade Trans-Saharan trade route Linked North Africa and the Mediterranean world with West Africa

Trans-Saharan Trade Made possible by the CAMEL! Camels were first introduced by N. African group called Berbers in 4th century As many as 5,000 camels Hundreds of people Travelling at night Length of journey = about 70 days 15-20 miles walked per day

Trans-Saharan Trade New wealth and resources from trans-Saharan trade allowed some regions to construct large empires or city- states Between 500 and 1600 CE Major empires = Mali, Ghana, and Songhai

Indian Ocean Trade PART TWO The dominant network of trade in the post-classical period Replaced the Silk Road as the major network in terms of the volume of trade, the number of people involved, and the interaction of various cultures Monsoon winds were still essential to the function of this trade network Diverse merchants spent entire seasons in cosmopolitan port cities Caused diffusion and cultural/religious tolerance

Indian Ocean Trade PART TWO This trade network was not dominated nor controlled by a particular empire or group

Indian Ocean Trade PART TWO

Indian Ocean Trade PART TWO timber, ivory, spices, cotton textiles, and other bulk items still major items of trade New items from Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Africa now involved Such as gold, diamonds, and exotic animals now involved

Indian Ocean Trade PART TWO New technologies further increased trade China introduce the compass and the Junk Ship Islamic merchants made advancements to the Dhow Ships and Lateen sails and introduce astrolabe

Indian Ocean Trade PART TWO Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya in Southeast Asia became incredibly wealth from spice trade and spread Buddhism across the Indian Ocean Islam was spread into Southeast Asia by merchants China reemerged as major economic power and shifted attention away from the Silk Road and exported porcelain

Chinese Junk Ship

Swahili Coast Bantu peoples populate coast Swahili is an Arabic term meaning “coasters.” The introduction of various traditions such as Islam helped to shape the character of the Swahili Coast Bantu peoples populate coast Swahili (“coasters”) engage in trade with Arabs Introduce Arabic language and Islamic art/culture Language a form of Bantu, influenced by Arabic

Swahili Coast By the tenth century, Swahili society attracted increasing attention from Islamic merchants From the interior regions of east Africa, the Swahili obtained and traded gold, slaves, ivory, and exotic local products In exchange, the Swahili city-states received pottery, glass, and textiles that the Muslim merchants brought from Persia, India, and China

Swahili City-States By the 11th and 12th Century, trade had brought tremendous wealth to coastal east Africa Mogadishu, Lamu, Malindi, Mombasa, Zanzibar, Kilwa, Mozambique, and Sofala were some of the trade centers Eventually developed into powerful city-states governed by a king who supervised trade and organized public life in the region

Swahili Coast Islam spread along Eastern coast and merchant activity spread Bantu-speaking people migrated to coast along with refugees from Oman By 13th century African trading ports developed along the coast Swahili (meaning coastal) language and other traits

Swahili Coast-East Africa Islam spread along Eastern coast and merchant activity spread and Muslim ports where established along the Indian Ocean Bantu-speaking people migrated here along with refugees from Oman By 13th century African trading ports developed along the coast. These towns shared common Bantu-based and Arabic-influenced Swahili (meaning coastal) language and other traits. Ruled by separate Muslim ruling families Trade in ivory, gold, slaves, iron, and exotic animals for silks and porcelain Kilwa most powerful of these port cities Some Chinese sent good directly to these ports. As late as 1417 and 1431 large state sponsored expeditions sailing from China to Africa occurred.

Swahili, Land of Zenj Port cities developed into city-states with their own local governments. Rulers interested in controlling slave trade and not making territorial conquests. Palace in Kilwa Cultural hybrid -Between Arabic and African Swahili –bantu and Arabic words -Many in-land Africans not Muslim -1500 Portuguese