Imperialism

Imperialism Main Idea: From 1800-1920 European powers ruled over much of Africa and Asia. The United States influenced Latin American countries. Objective: Discuss and analyze key concepts, major events, and historical figures of Imperialism. Key Terms and People: Colony, protectorate, sphere of influence, British East India Company, Raj, Ghandi, Opium Wars, Treaty of Nanjing, Meiji, Dutch East India Company, Social Darwinism, Berlin Conference, Monroe Doctrine

Imperialism-the process of one people ruling, and controlling, another.

Imperialism Africa and Asia are last to be colonized. Europeans accomplish this due to weake empires and technological advances. Types of Imperialism: Colony-territory governed by foreign power. Protectorate-territory that has its own government, but is controlled by a foreign power. Sphere of Influence-territory in which a country claims exclusive political or economic rights.

Imperialism: British in India

Imperialism: British in India Mughal Empire in India in decline, are easily manipulated by British, keeping chaos, allowing British order and customs. India colonized the by British East India Company-controlled trade between GB, East Asia, and India. Sepoy Mutiny (1857-1858)-British suppressing local culture in India. Sepoys were soldiers in British army. Ammunition for rifles covered in beef and pork grease—seen as a jab at their religion and culture. Rebellion ensued and led to fighting for nearly two years. Result: BEI company forced out, British direct rule in---this leads to rise in Indian nationalism.

Imperialism: British in India Blowing from a gun

Imperialism: British in India Raj-British rule in India. Educated and wealthy were left without a voice in their own government. British thought they were superior and bettering Indian people. Built roads, railroads, and canals for moving troops and local resources for export. Nationalism movements begin. The Muslim League and the Indian National Congress as well as people like Mahatma Ghandi who advocated non-violent protest pushed for Indian independence from the British 1947).

Extent of British Empire at its peak in 1921

Imperialism: China

Imperialism: China Chinese believed foreigners were barbaric and restricted trade and had a strict policy of isolationism. Opium Wars (1839-1842, 1856-1860)- Qing dynasty slowly losing power with western intrusion. China did not need GB (silver), but GB needed them (tea) creating an imbalance of trade. British discovered the power of opium and smuggled it into China. 1 in 10 Chinese addicted to opium. Chinese government destroyed opium storage. British captured Shanghai (important port) and forced Chinese to sign Treat of Nanjing (gives foreign control to port, foreigners can do what they want, locals have to obey laws.). Leads to Chinese being resentful of westerners. Peasant rebellions against imperial government and foreigners such as the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) led by Hong Xiuquan and Boxer Rebellion (1900) would set the stage for imperial China to end in 1912 as a result of a people’s revolution. Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864): Peasant rebellion led by a man (Hong Xiuquan) who thought he was the brother of Jesus. Result of declining imperial power. Captured 1/3 of China. Took government 15 years and millions to defeat them. by eventually defeated by foreign powers. 20 million (2x WWI) Chinese died. Boxer Rebellion (1900)-By the late 1800s China was weakened by war and spheres of European influence. An secret society called The Righteous and Harmonious Fists began a Chinese nationalists movement by training their members in martial arts and teaching hatred of foreigners and pride in Chinese culture. This ended in disaster again for China.

Imperialism: China

Imperialism: Japan

Imperialism: Japan With the arrival of U.S. and Commodore Matthew Perry by force, Japan took steps to industrialize, modernize, and trade with western countries under Meiji rule, who overthrew the imperial power. Japan established a highly militaristic states, reformed its government, and expanded its territory under Emperor Meiji, making Japan the most powerful state in Asia moving into the 20th century.

Imperialism: Southeast Asia

Imperialism: Southeast Asia These islands are wanted for the spice trade, sugar cane, coffee, tea, and rubber production and are controlled by Dutch East India Company who took much of the land from Portugal. The British and the French established large plantations, industrialized, and educated locals for the benefit of colonial rule.

Imperialism: Scramble for Africa

Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa The purpose of the colonization of Africa in the 1800s was to extract resources for profit. European countries used Africa and Asia to gain global power and influence. Europeans saw themselves superior to Africans and Asians, believing they were teaching Africans good government and Christian values. This mission was even called the “white man’s burden”. Europeans also used Social Darwinism to justify their presence in Africa.

Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa

Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa The development of quinine, machine guns, railroads, and steamships allowed Europeans to conquer Africa. The Suez Canal (1869) in Egypt, becomes controlled by the British, and shortens the route of travel. Berlin Conference-In order to prevent conflict, European powers met in 1884-1885 to divide Africa with no regard for tribal borders. Imperial powers were supposed to impose political stability, stop the slave trade, provide general welfare of the local people. If this was not accomplished, another country would take over. The problem was there was no enforcement of these obligations. Boer Wars-Dutch were in South Africa since 1600s. When gold was discovered the British arrived and claimed the territory. The British outmanned the Dutch and absorbed their territory. Belgian Congo-Ruled by Leopold II, natives were forced to work on rubber plantations until revolting in 1908 when the Belgian government took over.

Imperialism: Latin America

Imperialism: Latin America Philippines- The U.S. received the Philippines as colony from a treaty with Spain 1898. In the Philippine-American war over 200,000 Filipinos died in the fighting against the U.S. Panama Canal-U.S. purchased the strip of land in 1903 under Teddy Roosevelt. Built from 1904-1914 the Panama Canal shortened trips from NY to San Francisco by 8,000 miles. Monroe Doctrine (1823)-Old World can’t mess with New World territories or the U.S. with intervene. Essentially U.S. wants to exert as much influence as possible without European countries chiming in.