NEW DEAL FOREIGN POLICY – NATIONALISM & ISOLATIONISM OBJ: TO ASSESS THE FORCES THAT LED THE U.S. INTO WWII

I. ISOLATION 1932-37 A. LITTLE FOREIGN POLICY 141 PLANES IN ARSENAL, 160 PILOTS ISOLATIONISM RULED THE COUNTRY U.S. SURVIVAL CAME BEFORE ANY INTERNATIONAL CONCERN U.S. RECOVERY BEFORE WORLD RECOVERY BY 1937 ISOLATION TURNED TO INTERVENTION

B. MEANWHILE…… RISE OF FASCISTS IN ITALY, GERMANY & JAPAN JAPANESE DOMINATION OF EAST ASIA RESENTED TREATY OF VERSAILLES HITLER “DEMOCRACY IS IN RETREAT” UNIVERSAL MILITARY TRAINING MUSSOLINI: TROOPS IN SOMALILAND SUMMER ‘36 SPANISH CIVIL WAR

C. WESTERN HEMISPHERE – LATIN AMERICA REPEAL PLATT GOOD NEIGHBOR POLICY MAJOR DIPLOMATIC SUCCESS FDR WORRIED: UNEMPLOYMENT, DEPRESSION, EUROPE

II. RISING TENSIONS & ISOLATIONISM A. WILL NOT FIGHT ANOTHER ‘GREAT WAR’ NYE COMMITTEE & NEUTRALITY LEGISLATION MERCHANTS OF DEATH – PROFITS OFF WWI 1935 NEUTRALITY ACT-NO GUNS, NO SHIPS, NO TRIPS 1937 CASH & CARRY U.S. POLL – 94% AMERICANS WANTED TO STAY OUT OF WAR C. UNFORTUNATELY, POLICY FAVORED AGGRESSORS

D. QUARANTINE SPEECH 10/37 + QUARANTINE NATIONS CREATING INTERNATIONAL ANARCHY + NO VOTES, ISOLATIONISTS PREVAIL +FDR KNEW RESISTING AGGRESSION MORE IMPORTANT THAN KEEPING OUT OF WAR +GRADUAL, CAREFUL, SLOW

III. A. AGGRESSION & APPEASMENT

B. ALLIES NON AGGRESSION PACT

C. ACTION POLAND INVADED 9/1/39

C.2. BRITAIN & FRANCE DECLARE WAR 9/3/39 PHONY WAR ENDED APRIL 1940

C.3. THE BLITZ, DUNKIRK, BATTLE OF BRITAIN

D. FDR MOVED QUICKLY 1. 9/40 - $37 BILL FOR NEW AIRCRAFT 2. PEACE TIME DRAFT- 1ST EVER 3. DESTROYERS FOR BASES – CHURCHILL WON ELECTION 5/40 – NEED SHIPS ATLANTIC CHARTER – FDR & CHURCHILL MET IN CANADA 50 DESTROYERS FOR CARIBBEAN BASES 4. LEND – LEASE: ARSENAL OF DEFENSE: BILL 1776 CRUCIAL AID TO ALLIES, U.S. ECONOMIC RECOVERY IN FULL SWING

IV. ELECTION 1940 HELEN BRUNO, “HE MAY BE YOUR COMMANDER IN CHIEF BUT, HE’S NOT MINE” FDR & WALLACE – GARNER WANTED TO BE PRESIDENT WILLKIE & MCNARY – NO REAL DIFFERENCE FROM FDR CULT OF PERSONALITY, ONLY 1 TO LEAD US AT THIS JUNCTURE

V. ROAD TO WAR A. US – JAPAN RELATIONS 1937 MANCHURIA 1940 TRI-PARTITE PACT EACPS – SIMILAR TO MONROE DOCTRINE HULL-NOMURA TALKS – GET OUT OF CHINA WAR PARTY WINS ELECTION SUMMER 41

C. JAPAN MAKES HER MOVE RUSSIA NO LONGER A THREAT FDR FROZE ASSETS JULY WAR PARTY IN POWER HULL-NOMURA – ALL TALK NO ACTION ATTACK IMMINENT, BUT WHERE? PHILIPPINES? BACK DOOR TO WAR THEORY