ROCOCO

ROCOCO New style of art began in 1730’s Grace and gentle action Rejected strict geometrical patterns -> favored curves Delicacy, lightness, charm Secular – expressed pleasure, happiness, and love

ANTOINE WATTEAU One of the greatest of the Rococo painters Depictions of aristocratic life Fat ladies in frilly dresses, ribbons and bonnets, hanging out in flowery gardens Pleasure and joy

NEOCLASSICISM Continued from the 17th into the 18th century Dignity and simplicity of the classical style of ancient Greece and Rome Influenced by the excavations of Herculaneum and Pompeii Jacques-Louis David = The Oath of the Horatii

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSIC The 17th and 18th centuries were the formative years for classical music = Baroque music 1600-1750

NEW COMPOSITIONAL FORMS IN MUSIC Opera The Oratorio The sonata The Concerto The Symphony

JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH Greatest of the baroque composers German Produced a large family of musicians Worked as organist, court music director, choir master/kapellmesiter Majority of work was church music

significant Bach compositions Brandenburg Concertos Toccatta and Fugue Mass in B Minor Goldberg Variations Christmas Oratorio Jesu, joy of man’s desiring

GEORGE FREDERICK HANDEL German baroque – lived and worked in England Primarily secular Significant compositions – Music for the Royal Fireworks, Water Musik, Messiah

THE CLASSICAL ERA IN MUSIC THE CLASSICAL ERA 1750-1830 = period of music which followed the baroque era Orchestral music New musical instruments -> bigger and more diverse sounds Larger groupings of musicians

FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN Austrian classical composer Worked for Prince Esterhazy in Hungary Composed 104 symphonies The Surprise Symphony, The Philosopher Symphony, The Farewell Symphony

WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART Austrian classical composer Genius and child prodigy -> 1st concert at age 6, 1st opera at age 12 Wrote 41 symphonies Operas = Don Giovanni, The Marriage of Figaro, The Magic Flute Died miserable and penniless at age 35

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NOVEL 18TH century marked the full development of the novel as a literary genre English writers are key to establish the centrality of the novel Samuel Richardson – Pamela = a good girl Henry Fielding – Tom Jones = a bad boy

THE WRITING OF HISTORY The enlightenment transformed the study and writing of history Remove god from historical study Secular explanations and causation New social science approach Broadened scope of study -> economic, social, intellectual, cultural Edward Gibbon

THE HIGH CULTURE OF THE 18TH CENTURY High culture = the literary and artistic world of the educated and wealthy Popular culture = the culture of the masses Expansion of The reading public Publishing Magazines Newspapers Public libraries Private circulating libraries = rental books

Before and After the Ball Jean-Francois de Troy

EDUCATION AND UNIVERSITIES 18th century secondary schools - The grammar and public school – England The gymnasium – Germany The college – France and Spain Curriculum of secondary schools – Mostly focused on Greek and Latin classics Little attention to math, science, modern languages Middle class wanted more practical educ.