The French Revolution http://youtu.be/lTTvKwCylFY

Causes of the French Revolution King Cold and Hunger Inequality in Society Enlighten-ment Poor Finances

Don’t forget the King and Queen! King Louis XVI Marie Antionette

The Queen: Not so Popular Austrian Flag French Flag Nicknames: Madame Deficit Austrian Whore

The Necklace Scandal Did Marie defraud jewelers? Worth 1,600,000 Livre Today: $100 million Marie Antoinette refused to buy it—but people assumed she was guilty and it helped ruin her reputation

France is Divided into 3 Estates First Estate: Is made up of the Clergy Second Estate: Is made up of the Nobility Third Estate: Is made up of the Peasants (and including merchants)

Leading up to the Revolution King decides the three Estates needs to pay higher taxes The three estates each get 1 vote

Bread is too Expensive

Voting Problems in France # of Representatives # of Votes Clergy 1st Estate 300 Clergy 1st Estate 1 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 300 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 1 648 Commoners 3rd Estate Commoners 3rd Estate 1 Traditional Voting by Estate # of Representatives at Assembly

The Third Estate Rebels Third Estate counted votes based on total people. King Louis the XVI did nothing Third Estate declares itself the National Legislature. The Tennis Court Oath: “pledge never to separate.” Louis backs down—allowed to have one vote per person.

The Wrong Move by the King King Louis the XVI orders troops to Paris. Paris decides to arm itself and storms the Bastille.

18 Died 73 Wounded 1 head on stick 7 Guards Died Held 7 Prisoners

The Tricolor is the Fashion!

Revolutionary Playing Cards

Spread of Fear – Louis Revenge? Peasants wreak havoc and burn paperwork showing their debt. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Published. King Louis the XVI orders 7,000 troops to guard him. The fish ladies attack his palace and kill his guards.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen August 26, 1789 Liberty! Property! Resistance to oppression! Thomas Jefferson was in Paris at this time.

Radical Leaders Take Charge Jean-Paul Marat: violence is the answer George Danton: Originally argued for violence but eventually says the Revolution goes too far. Maximilien Robespierre: Led the Revolution during it’s most bloodthirsty times.

The King is Put on Trial King sentenced to death by the Guillotine. Tries to make a speech, but the drum beat drowned him out. When the King was dead, a young soldier held up his head, still dripping with blood, for all to see.

Marie Antoinette on the way to the Guillotine

Committee of Public Safety The Reign of Terror Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. -- Robespierre Committee of Public Safety The Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris alone executed 2,639 victims in 15 months (176 people a month). The total number of victims nationwide was over 20,000!

War of Resistance to the Revolution

The De-Christianization Program The adoption of a new Republican Calendar: abolished Sundays & religious holidays. months named after seasonal features. 7-day weeks replaced by 10-day decades. the yearly calendar was dated from the creation of the Republic [Sept. 22, 1792] The Convention symbolically divorced the state from the Church!!

The New Republican Calendar Vendemaire (Vintage) 22 September-21 October Brumaire (Fog) 22 October-20 November Frimaire (Frost) 21 November-20 December Nivose (Snow) 21 December-19 January Pluviose (Rain) 20 January-18 February Ventose (Wind) 19 February-20 March Germinal (Budding) 21 March-19 April Floreal (Flowers) 20 April-19 May Prairial (Meadows) 20 May-18 June Messidor (Harvest) 19 June-18 July Thermidor (Heat) 19 July-17 August Fructidor (Fruit) 18 August-21 September The New Republican Calendar New Name Meaning Time Period Vendemaire Vintage September 22 – October 21 Brumaire Fog October 22 – November 20 Frimaire Frost November 21 – December 20 Nivose Snow December 21 – January 19 Pluviose Rain January 20 – February 18 Ventose Wind February 19 – March 20 Germinal Budding March 21 – April 19 Floreal Flowers April 20 – May 19 Prairial Meadow May 20 – June 18 Messidor Harvest June 19 – July 18 Thermidor Heat July 19 – August 17 Fructidor Fruit August 18 – September 21

The De-Christianization Program The public exercise of religion was banned. The Paris Commune supported the: destruction of religious & royal statues. encouragement of the clergy to give up their jobs. The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris was turned into the “Temple of Reason.”

“The Death of Marat” by Jacques Louis David, 1793

The Arrest of Robespierre

The Revolution Consumes Its Own Children! Danton Awaits Execution, 1793 Robespierre Lies Wounded Before the Revolutionary Tribunal that will order him to be guillotined, 1794.

“Heads. Heads. I need more heads “Heads! Heads! I need more heads!” - Members of the Committee of Public Safety