Outlines of NICAM NICAM (Nonhydrostatic ICosahedral Atmospheric Model) Icosahedral grid & Nonhydrostatic model & Explicit cloud physics Development since 2000: number of test cases Cloud microphysics instead of cumulus parameterization used for AGCMs Horizontal resolution: up to dx=3.5km Global Cloud-system Resolving simulations Glevel-0 Glevel-1 Glevel-3 Glevel-5

Model description Dynamics Governing equations Fully compressible non-hydrostatic system (with acoustic waves) Spatial discretization Horizontal grid configuration Vertical grid configuration Topography Finite Volume Method Icosahedral grid Lorenz grid Terrain-following coordinate Conservation Total mass, total energy Temporal scheme Slow mode　－　explicit scheme　（RK2 or RK3） Fast mode －　Horizontal Explicit Vertical Implicit scheme Physics: Same as MIROC2.0 except for explicit cloud physics Turbulence, surface flux Mellor & Yamada 2,2.5,3(plan)/Louis(1979), Uno et al.(1995) Radiation MSTRNX (Sekiguchi and Nakajima, 2005) Cloud physics Kessler; Grabowsky(1998,1999); Lin et al.(1983); NSW6(Tomita 2007), WSM3-6, bin(plan) Shallow clouds Moist-MY Cloud parameterization Prognostic AS, Kuo, LS condensation (>30km-mesh); KF, Grell, Yamasaki (plan) (<30km-mesh) Land process Mixed layer/bucket; MATSIRO

Initial condition: 2004/04/01 0UTC, 7 days simulation with 3.5km-mesh Apr. 2004 short term exp. GOES9 NICAM gl11 (3.5km-mesh) (Left) An infrared image from GOES-9 at 00:00 UTC on 6 April and (Right) the outgoing long-wave radiation for DX-3.5 averaged over 90 min, which corresponds to the period between 00:00 UTC and 01:30 UTC on 6 April. Miura et al.(2006,GRL,submitted) Initial condition: 2004/04/01 0UTC, 7 days simulation with 3.5km-mesh 2004/04/06 00UTC

Perpetual July exp. precipitation GCM experiments with realistic land/sea distribution Perpetual July exp. Cess et al.-type climate sensitivity (CFMIP) 14km-mesh exp. 200 days, 7km-mesh, 40days TRMM Jul. 2004 NICAM 14km one-month precip. Iga et al.(2007)