For a periodic complex sound

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Presentation transcript:

For a periodic complex sound Fundamental frequency: Lowest frequency present in a complex wave OR More important: HIGHEST frequency that is a factor of all other frequencies present in the sound Harmonics: Integral multiples of fundamental frequency 1

Harmonics Fundamental frequency = 100 Hz Second harmonic = 2 * 100 = 200 Hz nth harmonic = n*100 Hz 2

Line spectrum: Discrete number of sinusoids Continuous spectrum: Contains all frequencies within certain limits 3

Transients or clicks Very brief sounds Very short sine waves: Spectrum contains multiple frequencies instead of one frequency. 4

1000 Hz, 1 sec 1000 Hz, 0.01 sec 1000 Hz, 0.001 sec 5

Octave: Scale of frequency One octave = Doubling of frequency in Hz For example: 100 to 200 Hz: 1 Octave 200 to 400 Hz: 1 Octave 400 to 800 Hz: 1 Octave 100 to 400 Hz: 2 Octaves 100 to 800 Hz: ? Octaves 100 to 1600 Hz: ? Octaves 6

Examples of periodic complex waves Sawtooth wave: Sum of odd and even harmonics. -6 dB/octave slope Square wave: Sum of odd harmonics. Example: 500 Hz + 1500 Hz + 2500 Hz…. Triangular wave: Sum of odd harmonics. -12 dB/octave slope In all cases, equal starting phase for all components 7