Carbohydrates glucose C6H12O6 [C.H2O]6.

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Presentation transcript:

Carbohydrates glucose C6H12O6 [C.H2O]6

monosaccharide

disaccharide

trisaccharide

starch, cellulose polysaccharide

polyhydroxyaldehyde aldopentose

polyhydroxyketone ketohexose

-D-arabinose a furanose

anomers

mutarotation [] = 80.2˚

a glycoside

Disaccharides Lactose

-1,4-glycosidic linkage undergoes mutarotation

an -glycosidic linkage

Oxidations of Sugars

oxidizing agents: Ag(NH3)2+, Cu2+/OH- sugars that react with these oxidizing agents are called reducing sugars these monoacids are called aldonic acids

a nonreducing sugar

Glycolysis

Glycolysis

Glycolysis

Glycolysis

Glycolysis

Glycolysis

Reduction of the carbonyl group Alditol formation

HO-Br

an aldaric acid

IO4- oxidation

Fischer-Kiliani Synthesis

epimers

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