Cambridge Latin Course I EMERGENCY BOOKMARK Cambridge Latin Course I VERBS doing words Present tense: I x, I am x-ing (ego) port-o (nos) porta-mus (tu) porta-s (vos) porta-tis porta-t porta-nt NOUNS person, place, animal, thing S NOM ACC DAT 1 puella puellam puellae 2 servus servum servo 3 leo leonem leoni PL puellas puellis servi servos servis leones leonibus The subject of a verb does not need to be expressed because it is already contained in the verb ending. porto means ‘I carry’, portas means ‘you carry’ etc... The Romans did not need to write ego porto or tu portas. When they did, it was for special emphasis. Imperfect tense: I was x-ing, I used to x porta-bam porta-bamus porta-bas porta-batis porta-bat porta-bant NOMINATIVE = the ‘do-er’ (SUBJECT) ACCUSATIVE = the ‘done to’ (OBJECT) DATIVE = the GIVING case ‘to/for’ + with certain verbs (placet mihi) Perfect tense: I x-ed, I have x-ed porta-v-i porta-v-imus porta-v-isti porta-v-istis porta-v-it porta-v-erunt PRONOUNS in place of (pro-) a noun NOM ego tu (s) nos vos (pl) ACC me te DAT mihi tibi nobis vobis Some verbs do not have –v- in their endings but have –u- instead. Other verbs have neither –v- nor –u-, but the endings in red always stay the same. E.g. intellego ‘I understand’ goes like this in the perfect: intellexi ‘I understood’ intelleximus intellexisti intellexistis intellexit intellexerunt ADJECTIVES describe a noun –issi- and –erri- mean most and very –ior- means ‘more’ sum ‘I am’ - the most important verb Present – ‘I am’ Imperfect – ‘I was’ sum eram es eras est erat sumus eramus estis eratis sunt erant QUESTION WORDS quis? who? quid? what? ubi? where? cur? why? Add –ne to the end of the first word of a sentence.