EM Waves, Superposition

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Presentation transcript:

EM Waves, Superposition Oscillations & Waves EM Waves, Superposition

Electromagnetic Waves A special type of transverse wave Do not require a medium Generated by the motion of charged particles Propagated as variations in EM field Speed in free space, c = 3 x 108 m s-1

Electromagnetic Waves

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

The Visible Spectrum The visible portion of the spectrum is the equivalent of a single frame in a reel of film. . . . . . 4000 km long!

Interacting Pulses What happens when two pulses travelling in opposite directions meet?

Interacting Pulses What happens when two pulses travelling in opposite directions meet?

Interacting Pulses What happens when two pulses travelling in opposite directions meet?

Interacting Pulses What happens when two pulses travelling in opposite directions meet?

Interacting Pulses What happens when two pulses travelling in opposite directions meet?

The Principle of Superposition The displacement at any point is the algebraic sum of the displacements due to each pulse and/or wave.

Interference Wave superposition can be constructive . . .

Interference . . . or destructive

Path Difference Observe two identical waves sources separated by a distance

Path Difference (d2 - d1) = nλ constructive interference (d2 - d1) = (n + 1/2)λ destructive interference NB: n is an integer S1 S2 d1 d2 Observer

Phase Difference Interference can also be characterized by synchronization, or phase difference

Resultant of Two or More Waves Complex waveforms may be represented as the superposition of many simple waveforms

Examples

DTMF – Dual Tone Multi Frequency Phone systems listen for and recognize combinations of pure sine waves These combinations are very unlikely to be produced in human speech

Beat Frequency Superimposing waves of similar frequency yields a beat pattern

Summary EM Waves and the EM Spectrum The Principle of Superposition Interference Constructive and destructive Path and phase difference Resultant of two or more waves Examples of wave superposition

Homework In Tsokos: Ch 4.1 - #3, 6, 8, 9, 12, 15, 17, 25, 29, 31, 37