Earth Materials Vocabulary

Earth Materials Vocabulary An earth material made of more than 1 ingredient; examples: basalt, granite, sandstone, limestone Rock Mineral An earth material made of only 1 ingredient; pure; examples: calcite, quartz, gypsum, fluorite

Vocabulary Review Diameter Circumference The distance across an object; can be used as a rock or mineral property The distance around an object; can be used as a rock or mineral property

Earth Materials Vocabulary Luster Streak a mineral property that describes the glow of reflected light; example: shiny, pearly, glassy. dull A mineral property that geologists use to tell one mineral from another by dragging the mineral across a white tile to see what color mark it leaves

Earth Materials Vocabulary A mineral property that describes a mineral breaking with smooth flat surfaces; when a mineral has cleavage it can easily be separated into thin sheets Cleavage

Earth Materials Vocabulary Hardness Scratch test A property that geologists use to identify minerals A test that uses tools to make scratches to determine the hardness of a mineral

Earth Materials Vocabulary When a substance seems to disappear in a liquid but it is really still there Dissolve Evaporation Used to determine minerals that made up a rock; helps separate the parts of rock *In the picture, the tray on the right shows evidence of calcite crystals that tell us that the mineral calcite is one ingredient in the rock

Earth Materials Vocabulary Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Rocks formed when melted rock cools, either above ground or underground Rocks that start out as one kind of rock, but large amounts of pressure and heat change them into this kind Formed by sediment that is deposited over time, usually as layers at the bottom of lakes and oceans; can include minerals, small pieces of plants, fossils, bones, etc.

Earth Materials Vocabulary The remains or impression of a prehistoric animal or plant that is kept in rock; Fossils provide evidence of what lived in prehistoric times; usually found in sedimentary rocks Fossils

The Rock Cycle