THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLD

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THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLD Spain Last Habsburg monarch dies 1702 – inbreeding, feeble minded, impotent He name grandson of Louis XIV as heir to the Spanish throne Philip V -> first Bourbon monarch of Spain War of the Spanish Succession 1702-1713 -> France/Spain loses -> but Philip is allowed to remain king Spain loses control of Italian territories and Netherlands Bourbon rule temporarily rejuvenates Spain Portugal Decline No longer has overseas empire they had in 16th century Italy Control of Italy switches from Spain to Austria Philip V of Spain

THE SCANDINAVIAN STATES Sweden was big dog in N. Europe in 17th cent Sweden loses the Great Northern War against Peter the Great -> loses control of the Baltic King Gustavus III -> enlightened ruler -> reasserts power of the monarchy

ENLIGHTENED ABSOLUTISM REVISITED The 3 great enlightened despots/enlightened absolutists Emperor Joseph II = Austria Frederick II = Prussia Catherine the Great = Russia Only Joseph II attempted radical reforms based on Enlightenment ideas Frederick II and Catherine the Great interested in Enl thinking and made some limited reforms -> more interested in power/maintain traditional structures of their societies

HOW ENLIGHTENED WAS ENLIGHTENED ABSOLUTISM A little, but not very Monarchs used the ideas to strengthen and modernize their states Stronger and more efficient govt = bigger armies and military Aristocrats still very powerful -> didn’t want society to change Most significant reforms = legal reform, religious toleration, expansion of educ system