Plant Classification and Reproduction Chapter 11B Plant Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction Offspring receives genes from both parents Not exactly like either parent Genetic variation

Sexual Reproduction Gametes are special sex cells designed to transfer or receive the chromosomes One of each type of chromosome Haploid

Sexual Reproduction Fertilization Zygote Diploid In flowering plants these cells are produced in flowers

Flowers Four types of appendages attached to a base Sepals Petals Stamen Pistil Positioned in same order

Flowers Sepals Leaflike structures Protect flower while it is developing Usually green

Flowers Petals Often the largest and most colorful part Help to attract insects and other pollinators

Flowers Stamen Male reproductive part Filament and anther Anther contains pollen Male gametes

Flowers Pistil Female reproductive part Ovary Style Stigma

The process of transferring pollen from an anther to a stigma Pollination The process of transferring pollen from an anther to a stigma

Pollination Pollen reaches stigma Pollen tube Ovules Male gamete enters ovule and merges with the egg Fertilization

Pollination Fertilization produces a zygote Zygote grows into embryo Entire ovule develops into a seed

Pollination & Fertilization

Pollination Parts of a seed: Embryo Stored food Protective seed coat Cotyledon Monocots and dicots Protective seed coat

Monocots vs Dicots

Pollination Changes to flower: Petals and stamens shrivel and fall off Stem becomes thicker and stronger Ovary develops into a fruit

A mature ovary that contains seeds Fruit A mature ovary that contains seeds

Fruit Seeds are released Some seeds germinate Proper conditions are required

Asexual Reproduction Also known as vegetative reproduction Does not involve gametes Very little genetic variation

Asexual Reproduction Examples: Runners with plantlets Root sprouts Leaf cuttings Buds (or “eyes”)