Today’s Aim: Did westward expansion have more of a positive or negative effect on the United States in the 1800s?

North South Rivers and horses Agriculture Slaves Sectionalism was GROWING…what were the differences between the NORTH and SOUTH? North South Transportation: Railroads and canals Manufacturing Immigrants and women Transportation: Rivers and horses Agriculture Slaves Economy: Economy: Labor: Labor: REMEMBER: How did the Missouri Compromise attempt to solve sectional differences over slavery?

The U.S. in 1850, what do you see? Free states 36’30” Slave states

What is causing so much CONFLICT between the NORTH and the SOUTH? Slavery is a growing moral issue in the North while it expanded in the South Constitutional dispute over Federal powers vs. States’ rights Economic differences between industrial North and agricultural South (tariffs, banking, internal improvements, expansion) Political errors and extremism on both sides Some wanted POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY to decide slavery = when political power belongs to the PEOPLE

Regional differences about slavery The WILMOT PROVISO Mexican War (Mexican Cession) gains of land questions the balance of free and slave states: NO slavery in areas gained from Mexico (not Texas) Passed by the House, and defeated in pro-slave Senate Slavery prohibited

Opposite Views! The Wilmot Proviso debate showed a growth in SECTIONALISM = favoring the interests of one region of the U.S. over the interests of the ENTIRE COUNTRY... The NORTH Abolitionists wanted to get rid of slavery! Slavery was MORALLY WRONG! The SOUTH Slaveholders said slavery should be allowed ANYWHERE! Slaves who escaped should be returned!

Does California become We need to compromise! Does California become a FREE state or a SLAVE state?

The Compromise of 1850 1. California = FREE STATE 2. Rest of Mexican Cession = popular sovereignty SLAVE or FREE 3. BAN slave TRADE in D.C. 4. New Fugitive Slave Law

The NEW Fugitive Slave Act A CRIME to HELP runaway slaves Arrest those slaves in FREE areas! Anti-slavery northerners were ANGRY because they felt like they were part of the slave system now!

Image Analysis WHO do you see in this picture? WHAT do you think the people doing in this picture? WHY do you think the abolitionists in this picture wanted their picture taken?

QUOTE Analysis – abolitionists react to the slave law “My house is my castle...If any man approaches that house in search of a slave – I care not who he may be, whether constable or sheriff... if he crosses the threshold of my door, and I do not lay him in a lifeless corpse at my feet, I hope the grave may refuse my body...”

BUT, there were POSITIVES! What did this make Americans want to do in the 1800s?

GOLD was EVERYWHERE!

Primary quote analysis “I tell you, women are in great demand in this country whether they are married or not. You need not think strange if you see me coming home with some good looking man some of these times with a pocket full of rocks...it is all the go here for ladies to leave their husbands, two out of three do it.” - A married woman who wrote from California to her sister in New England (1853)

NEGATIVE effects of the gold rush? 1. NATIVE AMERICANS became the VICTIMS of disease, starvation, and attacks. The Native American population in 1845 was 150,000 The Native American population in 1870 was less than 30,000! 2. Many people that journeyed to California from around the world NEVER made it! The Donner party- A total of 87 people from various families set out for California and became snowbound in the Sierra Nevada. Only 48 of the original 87 pioneers survived.