Introducing Psychology

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Presentation transcript:

Introducing Psychology Define psychology & identify its six approaches.

Overview People have always wondered about the mysteries of the mind. Early 18th century acquired its literal meaning, “the study of the mind.” Psychology – the scientific study of behavior and mental processes Philosophy Physiology

Wilhelm Wundt Consciousness – the awareness of immediate experience 1832-1920 Founder of psychology The scientific study of conscious experience Consciousness – the awareness of immediate experience

Psychology as a Profession Clinical Psychologist – diagnoses & treats people with emotional disturbances Counseling Psychologist – helps people deal with problems of living in everyday life Psychiatry – a branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders

Behavior Observable Behaviors Unobservable Behaviors

Psychoanalytical Studies how unconscious motives & conflicts determine behavior Unconscious –thoughts, memories, & desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but exert great influence on behavior Free association Sigmund Freud 

Behavioral Analyze how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment Nature vs. nurture People are controlled by their environment, not by themselves Stimulus – any detectable input from the environment Ivan Pavlov 

Behavioral (continued) “Organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes, & they tend not to repeat responses that lead to neutral or negative outcomes.” B.F. Skinner 

Humanistic Believe each person has freedom in directing his or her future & achieving personal growth Behavior is not the result of the unconscious or environmental stimuli

Cognitive Study how we process, store, retrieve, & use information and how cognitive processes influence our behavior Behavior is influenced by a variety of mental processes, including perceptions, memories, & expectations Jean Piaget 

Neurobiological Study how physical & chemical changes in our bodies influence our behavior

Sociocultural Study the influence of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status on behavior