10/17 Daily Catalyst Pg. 35 Patterns of Evolution

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10/17 Daily Catalyst Pg. 35 Patterns of Evolution 1. Define speciation: 2. Match the type of isolation (sympatric speciation) with the situation: Two groups of hares are found in the same desert biome. One group dominates the rocky cliff edges and the other group crowds around the limited shade from Joshua trees. 3. How is the Founder Effect related to Allopatric Speciation?

10/17 Daily Catalyst Pg. 35 Patterns of Evolution 1. Define speciation: the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution. 2. Match the type of isolation (sympatric speciation) with the situation: Two groups of hares are found in the same desert biome. One group dominates the rocky cliff edges and the other group crowds around the limited shade from Joshua trees. Habitat Isolation 3. How is the Founder Effect related to Allopatric Speciation? Allopatric speciation is when a group is isolated from the original group by a geographic element and the isolated group forms a new gene pool.

10/17 Class Business Pg. 35 Patterns of Evolution Evolution test on Tuesday, October 21st Evolution debate on Monday, October 20th Study guide due Tuesday, October 21st Review day on Friday Must bring questions! COME SEE ME FOR TUTORING LET ME KNOW WHEN YOU ARE COMING

10/17 Agenda Pg. 35 Patterns of Evolution Daily Catalyst Class Business Speciation speedy review Patterns of evolution notes START STUDYING FOR THE TEST!

Pg. 34 Speciation Turn and Talk Take 30 seconds to define speciation with a partner sitting next to you.

Speciation Allopatric Sympatric Isolated by geographic elements. River, lakes, glaciers, mountain ranges, and canyons Isolation due to lack of geographic isolation. Habitat, time, etc.

Sympatric Speciation: Habitat isolation: share same habitat, but do not interact with one another. Temporal isolation: time prevents mating Behavioral isolation: mating behaviors Polyploidy: multiple sets of chromosomes Reproductive isolation: unable to mate

Sympatric Speciation: Reproductive Isolation Key Point #10: Closely related species unable to mate For example: difference in flower shape may prevent pollination and the difference in the structure of genitalia may prevent insemination.

Sympatric Speciation: Reproductive Isolation Prezygotic barriers: Barrier to mating. For example: small male dog and large female dog Postzygotic barriers: Once mating has occurred, fertile offspring cannot be produced. For example: horse and donkey produce a mule

Speedy Break

Patterns of evolution Divergent Evolution Convergent Evolution Parallel Evolution Coevolution Adaptive radiation

Patterns of Evolution Divergent Convergent The process by which related species become more dissimilar. The process by which unrelated organisms come to resemble one another. They face similar environmental demands and must adapt.

Divergent Example The red fox and the kit fox provide and example of two species that have undergone divergent evolution. The red fox lives in mixed farmlands and forests, where its red color helps it blend in with surrounding trees. The kit fox lives on the plains and in the deserts, where its sandy color helps conceal it from prey and predators. The ears of the kit fox are larger than those of the red fox. The kit fox's large ears are an adaptation to its desert environment. The enlarged surface area of its ears helps the fox get rid of excess body heat. Similarities in structure indicate that the red fox and the kit fox had a common ancestor. As they adapted to different environments, the appearance of the two species diverged.

Parallel Evolution Parallel evolution is the independent evolution of similar traits, starting from a similar ancestral condition. Example: Marsupials and placental mammals. Marsupials won in Australia, in the rest of the world, placental mammals won.

Adaptive Radiation A single species has evolved into several different forms that live in different ways. Way to increase diversity (speciation) Occurs when a change in the environment makes new resources available and opens environmental niches.

Coevolution The process by which species evolve in response to changes in each other over time. Example’s: Predators and prey Plants and pollinating insects

Modern Theories Gradualism Puntuated

Class Questions Which organism is most closely related to primates?

Class Questions What can you tell me about the DNA of the primates and rodents?

Class Business What characteristic do ray-finned fish and birds have in common?

Grade cladograms