Solids, Liquids, and Gases States of Matter Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Solids Definite shape Definite volume Particle arrangement: packed closely together, fixed location Particle movement: vibrate Attraction between particles: strong attractive forces

Types of Solids Crystalline Solids – particles arranged in regular repeating patterns Ex/ Quartz, salt, sugar Amorphous Solids – particles NOT arranged in a regular pattern Ex/ glass, plastics, butter

Liquids Definite volume No definite shape (takes the shape of the container, if no container spreads to form a puddle) Particle arrangement: close together, but able to move/slide past each other, allows liquid to flow freely (fluid) Particle movement: faster than a solid Attraction between particles: weaker attractive forces than solids

Properties of liquids Surface tension – uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid Particles of a liquid are attracted to each other (cohesion). With no particles above them, the particles on the surface have a stronger attraction to the particles next to and below them Viscosity – resistance of a liquid to flow Depends on the size and shape of the particle and the strength of the attraction between them Stronger attractive forces = higher viscosity (more resistance, slower) Ex/ honey has a high viscosity, water has a low viscosity

Gases No definite shape or volume (spread out to fill container) Particle arrangement: far apart Particle movement: fast, move freely Attraction between particles: little or no attraction between particles