“Perplexity is the beginning of knowledge.” 11/19/2018 Title: Anat & Phys 2/22/07 Objectives: . Class Topics Muscle Power Points Digestive System Oral cavity swallowing esophagus “Perplexity is the beginning of knowledge.” Kahlil Gibran Monday, November 19, 2018 4:22 PM

Class Assignments Muscle Power Point 2/22/07 Due this class period 11/19/2018 Class Assignments What By When Muscle Power Point 2/22/07 Due this class period Due next class period Due in the future

Coming up Feb 26 Feb 28 March 2 Complete notes of upper GI tract 11/19/2018 Coming up Feb 26 Complete notes of upper GI tract Upper GI tract lab Feb 28 Upper GI tract quiz Tour de Stomach March 2 Complete Tour de Stomach Notes – Stomach, comparative anatomy with respect to digestion of cellulose (test essay topic)

From: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_20/27_22.GIF 11/19/2018 From: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_20/27_22.GIF

Steps of digestion 1. Ingestion - place food in mouth 11/19/2018 1. Ingestion - place food in mouth Conscious control 2. Mechanical processing mouth - chewing and tearing of food mastication stomach - churns food 3. Digestion breakdown of food into small organic particles Glucose from carbs, amino acids from protein

Steps of digestion 4. Secretion 5. Absorption 6. Elimination 11/19/2018 Steps of digestion 4. Secretion Enzymes, acids, saliva, buffers, bile 5. Absorption Movement of organic materials into cells 6. Elimination Defecation of wastes Fiber moves you coprophagy - eating feces - some types of rabbits

Histological Organization 11/19/2018 Histological Organization 1. Mucosa inner lining of tract secretes mucus contains endocrine cells releases into bloodstream, not tract Highly folded - more surface area microvilli - small projections to increase surface area Cells renew every 2-6 days

2. Submucosa Mainly connective tissue 11/19/2018 2. Submucosa Mainly connective tissue Blood vessels carry away nutrients Lymphatic vessels for immune response and fat transport Exocrine glands acids, buffers, enzymes Nerves - autonomic control (unconscious)

3. Muscular Smooth muscle 2 layers Move articles by peristalsis 11/19/2018 3. Muscular Smooth muscle 2 layers longitudinal circular Move articles by peristalsis

11/19/2018 4. Serosa Connective tissue Outer protective covering

Tongue Helps in chewing occasionally brings food into mouth 11/19/2018 Tongue Helps in chewing occasionally brings food into mouth Sensory - Temperature, flavor, texture Frenulum - midline flap of skin under tongue Skeletal muscle

From: http://www.entassociates.com/salivary_glands.htm 11/19/2018 Salivary Glands Parotid near zygomatic arch watery saliva Sublingual floor of the mouth Mostly mucus Submandibular Opens in frenulum Mixture of watery and mucus secretions From: http://www.entassociates.com/salivary_glands.htm

Teeth (per jaw) Incisors (4) Cuspids (2) Bicuspids (4) Molars (6) 11/19/2018 Incisors (4) blade shaped - used to tear food Cuspids (2) Pointed teeth - used to tear food Bicuspids (4) 2 points - used to tear and grind food Molars (6) 4 points - used for grinding Last set called wisdom teeth Teeth (per jaw) From:http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/nutrition.html

Teeth 16 teeth per jaw - 32 total (adult) Children - 20 teeth 11/19/2018 Teeth 16 teeth per jaw - 32 total (adult) Children - 20 teeth decidious or primary Covered in enamel (hardest material in the body) with dentin inside (second hardest material in the body)

From: http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/nutrition.html 11/19/2018 From: http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/nutrition.html

From: http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/nutrition.html 11/19/2018 Pharynx Common region for air and food Nasopharynx region of the nasal cavity and pharynx Oropharynx region of the oral cavity and pharynx Laryngopharynx region of the larynx and pharynx From: http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/nutrition.html

Swallowing 1. Form a bolus against hard palate 11/19/2018 Swallowing 1. Form a bolus against hard palate soft palate raises to block nasopharynx 2. Epiglottis folds over trachea 3. Bolus pushed toward stomach through esophagus by parastaltic waves takes 9 seconds to complete (average) If too dry, secondary contractions push bolus down

From: http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/nutrition.html 11/19/2018 From:http://home.earthlink.net/~dayvdanls/IHP2.html From: http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/nutrition.html

Esophagus 24-30 cm tube for transport 11/19/2018 Esophagus 24-30 cm tube for transport large folds in mucosa allow for a large bolus to pass muscle tone keeps lumen shut Sphincter at end called cardiac (lower esophagael) sphincter

Cardiac Sphincter Keeps material in stomach 11/19/2018 Cardiac Sphincter Keeps material in stomach heartburn - sphincter not closed achalasia - sphincter doesn’t open region of esophagael hernia

Upper digestive tract lab 11/19/2018 Upper digestive tract lab Make sure you use bone snips and work back along the tongue Get physical with the cat - watch for teeth though!