Long sections eg road cuttings Deep sections eg basement excavations

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Presentation transcript:

Long sections eg road cuttings Deep sections eg basement excavations Volume methods Long sections eg road cuttings Deep sections eg basement excavations

D = distance between areas (Equidistance) Consider a cutting for a proposed road Area 5 Area 4 Area 3 Area 2 Area1

{ + + } PRISMOIDAL METHOD (simpson’s rule) Odd number of areas Cross-sectional areas at uniform intervals Odd number of areas 4 x Sum of EVEN numbered areas Sum of first and last areas 2 x Sum of ODD numbered areas V = D { + + } 3

AVERAGE of first and last areas END AREA METHOD (Trapezoidal Rule) Cross-sectional areas at uniform intervals + AVERAGE of first and last areas { SUM of the other areas } V = D Where D = distance between areas (Equidistance)

Method of ‘Weighting’ A B C D E F G 1 2 3 4 5 6 ref w depth w x d A1 1 B1 A2 2 B2 3 C2 D2 E2 A3 B3 4 C3 A4 B4 C4 A5 B5 C5 D5 E5 F5 G5 A6 B6 C6 D6 E6 F6 G6 A B C D E F G 1 2 3 4 5 6