Mauryan Dynasty Ashoka (301-232 B.C.) Chandragupta (324-301 B.C.) Ashoka (301-232 B.C.) Drove out foreigners made capital in Ganges Valley Cruel Ruler Feared assassination Greatest ruler in history of India Converted to Buddhism Kingdom prospered trade and mass expansion After death—India=disunity

Kushan Kingdom Modern day Afghanistan Nomadic warriors Prospered from trade through the silk road

“The Golden Age of the Guptas” The Gupta Family ruled India for 200 years. It was a great period of stable government and great accomplishments

I. MATH Decimal system Arabic numbers Concept of zero

II. MEDICINE Diagnose and treat ailments Advanced surgery Set broken bones Doctors were aware that cleanliness prevented infection

III. LITERATURE Kalidasa great poet who wrote “Sakunta” Fairy tales were gathered into a collection in which many modern European writers are in debt to the Hindus for the plot of their tales. Ex. Arabian Nights

IV. TRADE, LANGUAGE, RELIGION Trade routes were developed linking India with Western Asia Language Sanskrit was the language of the Guptas, gave cultural unity. Religion Hinduism

V. GOVERNMENT & TAXES Government panchayats—village councils Foundation of economy and way of life Taxes system of land tax was set up. Payments were based on % of crops raised.

History, B. C. Indus Valley Civilization 2500-1500 B.C. Mohenjodaro Harappa Planned city with sewage facilities

History, B. C. Aryan Immigration from Central Europe (Vedas are composed, caste system established) 563-483 B. C., Gautama Buddha 326 B. C., Alexander the Great, invades India. 300 B. C. Chandragupta Maurya 272 B. C. Emperor Ashoka, spread of Buddhism.

Aryan Language Sanskrit

National Flag Saffron, White and Green Ashoka Wheel, blue color = wheel of life in movement and death in stagnation Saffron = courage, sacrifice, unification White = purity and truth Green = faith

India - Political

National Emblem Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka Four Lions, Wheel Truth alone triumphs

Other National Anthem – Jana gana mana National Animal- Tiger http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yMvU73Wr7Q Other National Anthem – Jana gana mana National Animal- Tiger National Bird- Peacock National Flower- Lotus National Languages Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu