Grain in Metals.

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Presentation transcript:

Grain in Metals

Grains and Grain-Boundaries

Regular arrangement of atoms in solids

3-dimensional lattice

BCC (iron) Crystal lattice

In real crystals, spherical atoms are in contact with each other

BCC and FCC Lattices

Alloys When 2 metals are melted together, then upon solidification, they may exhibit any of the following: Unlimited solid solubility No solid solubility Partial solid solubility Formation of ‘intermetallic compounds’

Solid Solution Lattice

Intermetallic compound

2nd phase precipitates

Allotropy Some elements exhibit more than one crystal structures. This phenomenon is called Allotropy e.g., IRON exists in: upto 912°C BCC (body centered cubic) 912°C - 1394°C FCC (face centered cubic) 1394°C – melting BCC

Two crystallographic form of Carbon

Allotropes of Uranium alpha (orthorhombic) Uranium Stable up to 667.7°C beta (tetragonal) Uranium Stable 667.7° - 774.8°C gamma (body-centered cubic) Uranium Stable 774.8°C - melting point. This is the most malleable and ductile state.

Iron-Iron Carbide Diagram

Steel portion of Fe-C dagram