Introduction to the Industrial Revolution Monday March 26th 2012 Vocab: Industrial Revolution Enclosures Lord Charles Townshend Jethro Tull James Watt Guiding Questions What happened to the peasants as a result of enclosures? What technology was created?

The Industrial Revolution Before the revolution, most people worked the land, used handmade tools, made their own clothes, and grew their own food. Industrial Revolution: Began in the late 1700’s and is the shift from an agrarian to industrialized society. Characterized by the changes in agriculture machinery and technology Population shift from rural to urban areas Started in Britain. Slow complex process

Agriculture spurs Industry Second agricultural revolution: Changes in farming that allows the IR to happen Rich landowners created enclosures The process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers Made farming more efficient Profits rose as farms were producing more food Peasants pushed off their land and were forced to move to cities to find jobs The increase in food production led to a population increase

People who changed agriculture Lord Charles Townshend Changed crop rotation Told farmers to grow turnips to restore exhausted soil Jethro Tull Invented seed drill which put seeds in the rows rather than hand scattering them

New Technology Thomas Newcomen developed a steam engine powered by coal to pump water out of mines James Watt took his idea and made improvements. Watt’s engine would become the key power source of the IR The steam engine not only powered machinery but powered locomotives and steamships Iron The Darby family created new methods for producing iron Created a less expensive and higher-quality iron Used in machines, steam engines and railroads