Archimedes Principle Greek mathematician Found that buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

Why do ships float? A greater force pushing up on the ship opposes the weight or force, of the ship pushing down Buoyancy- is the ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it

Viscosity The resistance to flow by a fluid If flowing particles do not effectively pull other particles causing them to flow then high viscosity or high resistance to flow Water vs. syrup

Density An object will float if its density is less than the density of the fluid it is placed in

Pascal’s Principle Pressure is force per unit area Blaise Pascal- a French scientist Pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid. For example, when you squeeze one end of the toothpaste tube, toothpaste emerges from the other end, the pressure has been transmitted

Applying Pascal’s Principle More force is available to lift a heavy load by increasing the surface area Hydraulic lift P=F/A F= ma measured in Pascals (Pa)

Bernoulli’s principle Daniel Bernoulli: Swiss scientist As the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases Airplane wings- air passing over the top of the wing moves faster than the air below it, pressure above wing is less- this results in a net upward force on the wing, which contributes to the lift of an airplane wing

Boyle’s Law Decrease volume, increase pressure- at constant temperature P1V1=P2V2

Charles’ Law Volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature- as long as pressure doesn’t change V1/T1=V2/T2