Preview Chapter 20 Multiple Choice Short Response Extended Response Standardized Test Prep Preview Multiple Choice Short Response Extended Response

Chapter 20 Multiple Choice Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice 1. A certain tropical tree has a fruit that is eaten by only one species of bats. As the bat digests the fruit, the seeds are made ready to sprout. When the bat excretes the wastes of the fruit, it drops seeds in new locations. Which of the following is the correct term for the relationship between the bat and the tree? A. predation B. mutualism C. competition D. commensalism

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 20 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 1. A certain tropical tree has a fruit that is eaten by only one species of bats. As the bat digests the fruit, the seeds are made ready to sprout. When the bat excretes the wastes of the fruit, it drops seeds in new locations. Which of the following is the correct term for the relationship between the bat and the tree? A. predation B. mutualism C. competition D. commensalism

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 20 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 2. Which of the following is a parasite? F. a lion hunting a zebra G. a deer grazing on grass H. a tick sucking blood from a dog J. a snake swallowing a bird’s egg

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 20 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 2. Which of the following is a parasite? F. a lion hunting a zebra G. a deer grazing on grass H. a tick sucking blood from a dog J. a snake swallowing a bird’s egg

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 20 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 3. Three species of birds forage for insects in the same tree. However, each species tends to forage in different parts of the tree. This pattern of foraging is best explained as an adaptation to which of the following relationships? A. predation B. mutualism C. competition D. commensalism

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 20 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 3. Three species of birds forage for insects in the same tree. However, each species tends to forage in different parts of the tree. This pattern of foraging is best explained as an adaptation to which of the following relationships? A. predation B. mutualism C. competition D. commensalism

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 20 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued Use the map below to answer question 4. The map shows two islands.

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 20 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 4. What can you infer about the number of species on each of these islands? F. Island A has more species. G. Island B has more species. H. Island A and Island B will have the same number of species. J. Both islands will have fewer species than islands that are located farther north.

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 20 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 4. What can you infer about the number of species on each of these islands? F. Island A has more species. G. Island B has more species. H. Island A and Island B will have the same number of species. J. Both islands will have fewer species than islands that are located farther north.

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 20 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued Complete the following analogy: 5. predator : prey :: herbivore : A. carnivore B. plant C. parasite D. predation

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 20 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued Complete the following analogy: 5. predator : prey :: herbivore : A. carnivore B. plant C. parasite D. predation

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 20 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued Use the graph below to answer question 6. The shading in the graph indicates the frequency with which a certain bird species obtains prey, by prey size and location.

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 20 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 6. Which of the following statements is best supported by this graph? F. Most often, the bird eats insects. G. Most often, the bird nests above ground. H. Most often, the bird finds prey at ground level. J. Most often, the bird eats prey that is between 3 and 5 mm long.

Multiple Choice, continued Chapter 20 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 6. Which of the following statements is best supported by this graph? F. Most often, the bird eats insects. G. Most often, the bird nests above ground. H. Most often, the bird finds prey at ground level. J. Most often, the bird eats prey that is between 3 and 5 mm long.

Chapter 20 Short Response Standardized Test Prep Short Response Some plants produce chemicals that are irritating or poisonous to some animals. Explain the role of these adaptations in an ecological community.

Short Response, continued Chapter 20 Standardized Test Prep Short Response, continued Some plants produce chemicals that are irritating or poisonous to some animals. Explain the role of these adaptations in an ecological community. Answer: Secondary compounds are defensive chemicals synthesized by plants to prevent plants from being eaten. Strychnine and nicotine are two examples.

Chapter 20 Extended Response Standardized Test Prep Extended Response Base your answers to parts A & B on the information below. The gradual, sequential change in species in an area is called ecological succession. Part A Describe the stages of primary succession. Part B Compare primary succession and secondary succession.

Extended Response, continued Chapter 20 Standardized Test Prep Extended Response, continued Answer: Part A Primary succession starts with the exposure of bare land. Lichens colonize the rock. Decaying lichens as well as minerals from the rock lead to soil formation. Soil leads to colonization by pioneer species, such as moss and weeds. Large plants, such as shrubs and trees, replace pioneer species. Various trees become dominant, and succession ends with a mature forest. Part B Primary succession occurs when bare rock is exposed by geological events, such as island formation or glacier retreat. Secondary succession occurs after a disturbance clears away an existing community, but the soil remains intact.