Language Work #8: Type II Verbs! Only slightly more complicated! You can do it!

Type II Verbs = two-syllable root Review: Type I verbs (glan, ól, tóg, cuir, etc.) all have a one-syllable root Type II verbs have two-syllable roots: - ceannaigh [KYAN-ee] – to buy - brostaigh [BROS-tee] – to hurry - imigh [IM-ee] – to go away - éirigh [EY-ree] – to rise or get up - aontaigh [AIN-tee] – to agree - ceistigh [KESH-tee] – to question

Differentiating Broad and Slender Broad vowels in type II use the following: - ceannaím and ceannaímid - ceannaíonn tú, sé, sí, sibh, siad [to buy] Slender vowels in type II use the following: - imím and imímid - imíonn tú, sé, sí, sibh, siad [to go away]

CEANNAIGH – to buy [broad] “CEANNAIGH É!” = “Buy it!” (imperative) ceannaím – I buy ceannaíonn tú – you buy ceannaíonn sé – he buys ceannaíonn sí – she buys ceannaímid – we buy ceannaíonn sibh – y’all buy ceannaíonn siad – they buy

BROSTAIGH – to hurry [broad] “BROSTAIGH LEAT!” = “Hurry up!” (imperative) brostaím – I hurry brostaíonn tú – you hurry brostaíonn sé – he hurries brostaíonn sí – she hurries brostaímid – we hurry brostaíonn sibh – y’all hurry brostaíonn siad – they hurry

IMIGH – to go away [slender] “IMIGH LEAT!” = “Away with ye!” (imperative) imím – I go away imíonn tú – you go away imíonn sé – he goes away imíonn sí – she goes away imímid – we go away imíonn sibh – y’all go away imíonn siad – they go away

ÉIRIGH – to rise/get up [slender] “ÉIRIGH!” = “Get up!” (imperative) éirím – I rise éiríonn tú – you rise éiríonn sé – he rises éiríonn sí – she rises éirímid – we rise éiríonn sibh – y’all rise éiríonn siad – they rise

Ask a question, eclipse the verb! An gceannaíonn tú an mála sin? [unn gyaneen too unn mawla shin] Do you buy that bag? Nach mbrostaíonn sé anois? [nakh mrosteen shey anish] Doesn’t he hurry now? Cá imíonn sí? [caw imeen she} Where does she go away?

Negate a phrase, lenite the verb! Ní cheannaíonn sibh tae anseo. [nee khyaneen shiv tay ansho] Y’all don’t buy tea here. Ní éirím go mall inniu. [nee ayreem guh mall inyu] I don’t rise late today. Ní bhrostaíonn siad. [nee vrosteen she-ad] They don’t hurry.

Past Tense of Type II Verbs Take the root form and lenite it; d’ + vowel Cheannaigh mé or cheannaíomar Cheannaigh tú, sé, sí, sibh, siad Bhrostaigh mé or bhrostaíomar Bhrostaigh tú, sé, sí, sibh, siad D’imigh mé or d’imíomar D’imigh tú, sé, sí, sibh, siad D’éirigh mé or d’éiríomar D’éirigh tú, sé, sí, sibh, siad

Negatives and Questions? Lenite! To negate in the past tense, use níor rather than ní, and lenite the verb as usual Níor cheannaigh sí mála. She didn’t buy a bag. [neer khyannee she mawla] Ar cheannaigh sí mála? Did she buy a bag? [air khyannee she mawla?] Nár cheannaigh sí mála? Didn’t she buy a bag? [nar khyannee she mawla]

Practice Finding the Root Dhúnamar an doras. An gcuirfidh tú an leabhar ansin? Ní bheidh mé ag an phub anocht. Imigh leat, agus tóg do chairde leat! Bhrostaíomar inniu. Ní cheannaigh sibh lón anseo. Ná bí ag caint; bí ciúin, le do thoil. Nach nglanfaidh tú do sheomra?

Practice Translating into English Aontaím leat. Níor cheannaigh sé aon beoir ag an phub. D’éirigh Liam ag a trí a chlog ar maidin! An gceistíonn tú é? D’imigh mo chara inné! Nach mbrostaímid? Cá raibh tú aréir? Ar cheannaigh sibh do thicéid éitleáin?

Assignment: Work in a small group to create a list of five sentences that you, as a group, believe you will need to say. Translate them into Irish with your group. Memorize them with correct pronunciation. Be prepared to say them out loud on Monday without benefit of paper in front of you. Complete Worksheet #13 to turn in Monday.