Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e Concept 16 Stress and Health McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Concept 16 Stress and Health Stress can motivate us to succeed but it can also overwhelm us and lead to physical and emotional health problems. Understanding personal sources of stress and your unique stress response can help facilitate optimal health. © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. McGraw-Hill Concept 16 2

Presentation Overview Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Presentation Overview Stress Facts Sources of Stress Reactions to Stress Stress Responses and Health Coping with Stress Discussion Activity 16-2 Concept 16

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Stress Facts ~75% of adults indicate they have experienced moderate to high levels of stress in the past month Nearly half report that their stress level has increased in the past year Children seem to be more stressed than parents realize 16-3 Concept 16 3

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Stress Facts Step 1 in managing stress is to recognize the causes and to be aware of the symptoms 16-4 Photo: Creative Commons Flickr Concept 16

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e Click for info on Lab 16a McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com STRESS Definitions Stressors (vary in severity) Stress Types of Stressors Environmental Physiological Emotional* (psycho-social) 16-5 Photo: Creative Commons Flickr Concept 16 6

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Stressors Major - Create emotional turmoil or require tremendous amounts of adjustment Personal Crises (major health problems, death in the family, divorce, financial problems, etc.) Job/School-related Pressures (grades, term papers, presentations) Major Age-related Transitions (college, marriage, career, retirement) 16-6 Concept 16

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Stressors Minor - shorter-term or less severe Traffic hassles, peer/work relations, time pressures, family squabbles 16-7 Photo: Creative Commons Flickr Concept 16

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Sources of Stress Negative Ambiguous Uncontrollable 16-8 Photo: Creative Commons Flickr Concept 16 8

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e Stress & College McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com First-time of independence Less structured environment Work & school pressures Relationships 16-9 Photo: Creative Commons Flickr Concept 16

Reactions to Stress 16-10

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Reactions to Stress All people have a general reaction to stress Walter Cannon’s Fight-or-Flight response Non-specific stress response Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome (see Table in book) Alarm Resistance Exhaustion 16-11 Concept 16

Contemporary Views of the Nature of Stress Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Contemporary Views of the Nature of Stress The Process of Stress Appraisal Coping Stressor Stress Outcome 16-12 Concept 16

Appraisal of Stressors Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Appraisal of Stressors High Stress See stressor as a threat Stressor Stress Appraisal See stressor as a challenge Low Stress 16-13 Concept 16

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com The Stress Target Zone EUSTRESS (The optimal amount of stress) BURN OUT (Distress) RUST (Hypostress) 16-14 Concept 16 7

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Responses to Stress Physiological Fatigue Headaches, indigestion, insomnia, etc. Cognitive Impair concentration/attention Emotional Anxiety/apprehension Behavioral Nail-biting Altered eating & sleeping habits Smoking, alcohol, drug use Less physical activity 16-15 Photo: Creative Commons Flickr Concept 16 9

Health Problems with Excessive Stress Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e Health Problems with Excessive Stress McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com CHD and stroke Gastrointestinal problems such as ulcers Impaired immune system Insomnia 16-16 Photo: Creative Commons Flickr Concept 16 4

How Stress Promotes Illness Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com How Stress Promotes Illness Direct effect Raises blood pressure Impairs immune system Indirect effect Less positive behaviors (exercise, healthy diet, lack of sleep) More negative behaviors (drinking, smoking, unhealthy diet) 16-17 Photo: Creative Commons Flickr Concept 16 5

Stress-Prone Personalities Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Stress-Prone Personalities Type A Time-urgency Competitive Anger and hostility Type D - “Distressed” “Negative affectivity” or negative emotion “Social inhibition,” or the tendency not to express negative emotions in social interactions 16-18 Concept 16

Favorable Stress Characteristics Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Click for Lab 16b Info Favorable Stress Characteristics Positive emotion Resilience Optimism Locus of control External Internal* (with self-efficacy) Conscientiousness 16-19 Concept 16

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e Managing Stress McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Learn & practice stress management techniques (next concept) Deep breathing Meditation Physical activity More… Self-assessment of stressors 16-20 Photo: Creative Commons Google Concept 16

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Summary of Stress You may not be able to smooth out the surf, but you can learn to ride the waves! 16-21 Concept 16

Supplemental Information Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Supplemental Information Lab Information Discussion Activity 16-22 Concept 16 Concept 16 22

Lab 16a Information Evaluating Your Stress Level Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Lab 16a Information Evaluating Your Stress Level Return to presentation Complete the life experience survey Summarize your current level of stress in comparison with the survey scores Note: The life experience surveys assume that stressors affect everyone in the same way and therefore may not yield highly accurate indicators of stress. 16-23 Concept 16

Lab 16b Information Evaluating Your Hardiness & Locus of Control Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Lab 16b Information Evaluating Your Hardiness & Locus of Control Return to presentation Complete the Hardiness & Locus of Control questionnaires Summarize the score for each dimension of Hardiness Discuss whether you feel the scores are useful indicators of your response to stress 16-24 Concept 16

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e Return to Presentation McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Discussion Activity What are some sources of stress shared by entire communities, cultures, or societies? Can you think of specific examples? 16-25 Concept 16