Motion, Forces, and Energy 4th Grade Science S4P3 Students will demonstrate the relationship between the application of a force and the resulting change in position and motion on an object.

Motion, Forces, and Energy GPS: S4P3 Students will demonstrate the relationship between the application of a force and the resulting change in position and motion on an object.

Motion, Forces, and Energy Main Idea: Objects move when they change their position. A frame of reference must be established. What frame of reference do we use in these?: Clock Sunset Base runner in baseball

Motion Motion is a change in position of an object. Things can move quickly or slowly.

Speed Speed is the distance an object moves in a certain amount of time. Distance divided by time = D/T Need to know the distance and the time to calculate speed. Examples: 60miles/hour, 50 yards /second

Velocity Velocity is a measure of two things: the speed an object is moving and the direction an object is moving Velocity = speed + direction Example: A plane is flying 500 mph/West

Acceleration Objects in motion often change their speed. They can speed up or slow down. They can change their direction. Any change in the speed or direction of a moving object is called acceleration.

How Do Forces Affect Motion? Forces can be a push or a pull. Forces can be big or small. Forces make object start moving, stop moving, slow down, speed up, or change direction. Forces are measured in units called newtons. Forces game

Balanced vs. Unbalanced Forces If forces are balanced there is no change in the motion of an object If forces are unbalanced there is a change in the motion of an object

Gravity Gravity is pulling you towards Earth’s surface. Gravity pulls two objects with mass together – gravitation. The force of gravity between objects depends on two things – mass and how close together the objects are More mass = stronger gravitational pull Closer together = stronger gravitational pull What goes up – must come down.

Weight Weight is a measure of force. It is the amount of gravity acting on an object. How does your weight change if you should visit the Moon, Jupiter, Mars, or Saturn? When you are weightless, there is no gravity pulling at you. Brain Pop on Gravity

Friction Friction is a force that works against motion. There can be a lot of friction or sometimes very little. The amount of friction can determine the motion of an object. What objects create a lot of friction? What objects have little friction? Friction game

Inertia An object at rest will stay at rest unless there is a force that acts upon it. An object in motion will stay in motion unless there is a force that acts upon it. This is why we wear seatbelts! Brain Pop – Newton’s Laws

What is work? Work is done when a force is used to move an object a certain distance. To do work, a force needs to push or pull on an object and the object needs to move in the direction of the force.

Energy In science, energy is the ability to do work. Energy is needed to apply a force to an object to make it move. Energy is needed to make matter change. Energy is what makes the motion and change happen.

Forms of Energy

Energy Can Change Form Energy does not always stay in one form. Energy can be passed from one object to another. Potential energy is stored energy – a lump of coal, an unused battery, a piece of candy Kinetic energy is energy a moving object has – a running person, a burning candle, a falling ball.

Motion, Forces, and Energy Energy is all around us. Forces are used to change motion. Energy comes in many different forms and can be changed from one form to another. Energy allows you and other object to do work. Knowing about energy can help us use it wisely!