7.4 Pancho Villa & the Mexican Revolution I. Diaz Dictatorship A. Madero Overthrows Diaz II. Mexican Revolution A. Huerta Military Coup III. Tampico Incident A. Battle of Veracruz B. U.S. Occupation of Veracruz IV. End of Mexican Revolution A. Pancho Villa B. U.S. Invades Mexico C. New Mexican Constitution

Mexico- 1910

Mexican Dictator Porfirio Diaz Ruled Mexico from 1877-1910 Stabilized Mexico with an “Iron Fist” When Diaz came to power he stopped decades of war and unrest in Mexico However, took away liberties (No freedom of press or Open Elections)

Mexico-1910 Election Diaz imprisons (jails) opponent Francisco Madero

Madero gets out Madero is let out and goes to Texas Rebels are ready to fight for Madero Including Pancho Villa

1911-Diaz Resigns Madera becomes President

1913-Military Coup Army General Victoriano Huerta Overthrows Imprisons Executes (kills) President Madero

Huerta is President

U.S. President Woodrow Wilson Refuses to recognize Huerta as Mexican President Wilson-“Huerta an assassin” Wilson sells weapons to Huerta’s enemies

Tampico, Mexico Tampico

Tampico Incident August 9 1914-USS Dolphin Sends 9 crew members ashore at Tampico for supplies Arrested then released Mexico apologizes

No 21 gun salute U.S. Admiral Mayo demanded a 21 gun salute within 24 hours Mexico refused Congress- use armed force against Mexico

Veracruz, Mexico

Veracruz U.S. learns a German ship loaded with weapons is headed for Veracruz, Mexico U.S. Navy arrives with Marines to secure Veracruz

Battle of Veracruz Dead U.S. occupies Veracruz for 6 months 17 U.S. Marines 300 Mexican soldiers U.S. occupies Veracruz for 6 months

Huerta resigns Goes to Spain

Pancho Villa Pancho Villa was popular in Mexico He wanted to take land from the rich and give to the poor (Mexican Robin Hood)

Venustiano Carranzo = President Carranzo names himself President of Mexico Instead of Pancho Villa U.S. supports Mexican Pres. Carranzo

Columbus, New Mexico

Pancho Villa Raids U.S. Villa kills American miners in Mexico Leads hundreds of rebels across border to U.S. Burns town of Columbus, New Mexico Murders 17 Americans Returns to Mexico

U.S. Invades Mexico Military Expedition 10,000 U.S. troops invade Mexico Looking for Pancho Villa

No Pancho U.S. army looks for 11 months in Mexico Never find Pancho Villa

1916-2nd War with Mexico? Wilson puts 150,000 troops on border Mexico begins to resent (hate) U.S. in Mexico Threat of war with Mexico increases

1917-The Great War in Europe U.S. gives up its chase of Pancho Villa Doesn’t want war with Mexico The Great War is raging in Europe Gets U.S. attention

A New Mexican Constitution (Mexico gets the new constitution, not New Mexico) Pres Carranzo makes a new Constitution Gives rights and liberties to Mexican citizens Fighting continues until 1920 Causes Instability Agriculture disrupted Mines abandoned Economy suffers Factories destroyed Mexicans immigrate to U.S. for a more stable life