#41 Chapter 20 The New Frontier and the Great Society Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War OBJECTIVE: Learn how President Kennedy dealt with Cold War issues.

I. The Election of 1960 Americans fear U.S. falling behind Soviets’ military and space program. JFK : 43 year old Democrat, Catholic. Nixon is foreign policy expert, but lacks charisma. 1st televised presidential debates between JFK and Nixon. JFK well-coached, wins debates.

I. Cont… JFK and brother Robert take a stand on arrest of MLK in Georgia. Persuade judge to release MLK. Helps JFK win the support from African-American community for 1960 election.

II. The Camelot Years JFK wins presidency in close election. Critics argue his smooth style lacks substance. JFK’s White House known as Camelot for its glamour, culture, and wit. 1st Lady Jacqueline admired for her elegance.

II. Cont… JFK’s advisors called “the best and the brightest” Robert Kennedy named Attorney General at the age of 35.

III. A New Military Policy JFK wants to redefine nation’s nuclear strategy. Develop policy called flexible response --- policy of using non-nuclear weapons to fight a war. JFK increases defense spending.

IV. Crises over Cuba Fidel Castro Communist leader from Cuba seizes U.S. properties. U.S. cuts off diplomatic relations. 10% of Cuban population goes into exile, mostly to US.

IV. Cont… The Bay of Pigs--- 1960-61, failed invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles with U.S. support. Plans go wrong; exile forces killed, taken prisoner. JFK pays ransom in food, medicine; mission is public embarrassment.

IV. Cont… The Cuban Missile Crisis --- Nikita Khrushchev sends weapons to Cuba, including nuclear missiles. JFK warns Soviets that missile attack will trigger war on USSR. Soviets avoid confrontation at sea; reach agreement with U.S. Soviets remove missiles from Cuba, U.S. secretly promises to remove missiles from Turkey.

IV. Cont… Kennedy and Khrushchev Take the Heat Khrushchev prestige severely damaged in USSR. JFK criticized for brinkmanship, also for not ousting Castro. Cuban exiles switch to Republican party, Castro bans flights to and from Miami.

V. Crisis over Berlin By 1961, 20% of Germans flee to West Berlin; economic drain on East. Khrushchev wants to close access roads to West Berlin; JFK refuses. Soviets isolate West Berlin from East Germany with Berlin Wall. Symbolizes: The Cold War Communist Oppression Communism vs. Democracy

V. Cont… JFK and Khrushchev establish hot line --- direct phone between White House and Kremlin. Limited Test Ban Treaty bans nuclear tests in atmosphere but permitted underground testing.

If you were JFK you would have … Why? JFK and Cuba Event Cause JFK’s Response Effect If you were JFK you would have … Why? The Bay of Pigs The Cuban Missile Crisis

Ch.20.1 Q’s--- Write out questions or use complete sentences What were some factors that helped JFK win the presidency? What were the results of the Bay of Pigs invasion? How was the Berlin crisis resolved? What were the effects of the Cuban Missile Crisis? Why was the hotline installed? What would the Limited Test Ban Treaty eventually do?