Glavne lastnosti multimetrov so:

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Presentation transcript:

Glavne lastnosti multimetrov so: -analogni vhodni signal digitalizirajo in obdelujejo digitalno informacijo; -imajo samoumerjanje – z avtokalibracijo (ob spreminjanju merilnega območja preverjajo natančnost s pomočjo notranjega izvora – reference); -imajo avtomatsko nastavitev merilnega obsega (autorange), kar zahteva le izbiro merjene veličine (napetost, tok…); -prikaz merjene veličine je na večmestnem prikazovalniku, ki poleg številk kaže tudi enote; -zaradi vgrajenega procesorja omogočajo nekatere matematične operacije (merjenje razmerja napetosti, merjenje v decibelih, upoštevajo nazivno upornost, spreminjajo lahko frekvenčni pas); -imajo RS 232 (ali) HP-IB, ki omogoča povezavo v merilni sistem (oddajajo podatke in sprejemajo komande).

Shema digitalnega multimetra HP 34401

ANALOGNO-DIGITALNI PRETVORNIKI Glede na princip delovanja jih razdelimo na: števne; števne z dvojno strmino; sledilno števne; pretvornike s postopnim približevanjem in pretvornike z neposredno pretvorbo. Naslednja delitev AD-pretvornikov glede na hitrost pretvorbe: najbolj počasni so pretvorniki z dvojno strmin; počasni so sledilno števni pretvorniki; srednje hitri so pretvorniki s postopnim približevanjem s frekvenco vzorčenja manjšo od 1MHz in hitri pretvorniki z neposredno pretvorbo s frekvenco vzorčenja večjo od 1MHz. Pomembni parametri analogno-digitalnega pretvornika so: prenosna karakteristika, hitrost in način pretvorbe ter ločljivost (korak kvantizacije) in pogreški.

Prenosna karakteristika tribitnega AD-pretvornika

Resolucija 3-bitnega pretvornika Time (ms) 100 200 150 50 1.25 5.00 2.50 3.75 6.25 7.50 8.75 10.00 Amplitude (Volts) 16-Bit versus 3-Bit Resolution (5 kHz Sine Wave) 16-bit 3-bit 000 001 010 011 101 110 111 | The process of digitizing an analog signal involves representing the signal with a finite set of voltage levels. The number of voltage levels available to represent the analog signal is a function of the resolution of the analog-to-digital converter(s) (ADC) in the DAQ system. Resolution specifies the number of bits, n, that the analog-to-digital converter uses to represent the analog signal. The ADC voltage range is divided into 2n divisions or levels. Each level is assigned a digital code (incrementing binary numbers), which represents a discrete voltage in the range. The ADC returns the digital code that best fits (highest possible level without going over the actual voltage) the voltage level of the analog signal. The higher the resolution, the higher the number of digital codes—hence, the higher the actual number of voltage levels that the ADC can represent. Resolution is an unchangeable parameter of a DAQ board. Step-by-Step Data Acquisition 36 ni.com