Life Functions Do Now What makes a rock nonliving and a horse living? LP 5.2

What is Biology? Study of life and living things

Tallest living tree is from the Sequoia family and is located in a remote part of California (Redwood National Park). It is no less than 379 feet tall (115.55 meters)!! (about 30 feet wide!) Blue whale is largest animal at 30m (98 feet) long and 180 tons!

Living Things? There are 8 essential life processes necessary for every living organism. Growth Respiration Reproduction Regulation Nutrition Excretion Transport Synthesis VOCAB: Organisms = Living Things

All living things are: Made up of Cell(s) Cells are the basic unit of life! You just need 1 All life is made of one or more cells Unicellular: made of one cell only (amoeba, bacteria) Multicellular: made of many cells (you!)

Most common life forms on Earth are single celled Cells have specific functions. Put them altogether, they make a multicellular organism Example: Muscle cells, bone cells, neurons

Cells We start as one cell, fertilized egg. Every cell in our body comes from that first cell! Cell #1 Finished here period 5 Friday 9/30

Growth & Development Growth: Increase in size and/or the number of cells of an organism Every organism has their own pattern of growth Flies – start as eggs, then maggots (larva) and then become flies. Humans – Develop specialized cells in the womb, are born and then grow bigger (more cells). I love my Living Environment class with Mr. Walter! I’m a baby; I’m just hanging out. Take care of me.

Need materials & energy To carry on life functions, organisms need a source of energy Nutrition: Obtaining materials from the environment and using them for energy and growth. Ingestion – Digestion – Absorption – Excretion – taking in of food big molecules broken down into small molecules broken down nutrients absorbed into cells waste removal

To carry on life functions, organisms need a source of energy Respiration: Process by which energy is made (ATP) using the broken down food (glucose) and oxygen. Carbon dioxide and water are waste products. Takes place in the mitochondria of cells Stopped period ½ 10/9 Energy is needed in order to carry out the life functions such as transport, excretion and regulation. Cellular Respiration Breathing

Transport Transport– end products of digestion and chemical reactions are moved into, around and moved out of cells. This is what transport looks like in a picture…

Body Systems Involved in Ingestion and Transport Digestive System Respiratory system Circulatory System What are the main purposes of these body systems?

Hold Up …(page 3) What is the smallest a living organism can be? WHY? You think you found a new life form. How can you tell if it is living? Begin here periods 1,6,8

DO NOW What is an organism? What 2 body systems are involved with material ingestion? What are some substances we excrete?

Excretion Excretion: Removal of wastes from an organism. Substances include: urine, sweat, CO2, H20 etc… All are produced in the cells as a result of their life processes (metabolism) Without removal of wastes, they can become toxic

Body System involved in Excrement Excretory system!

Metabolism Metabolism Metabolism – sum total of all the life functions of an organism, including all the chemical reactions (breaking down or building materials) Therefore, another word for Life Functions could be… Breaking down – A bowl of pasta is digested and broken down into simple molecular sugars Synthesis – Chemical reaction where large molecules are produced from smaller molecules (To make, build, create) Metabolism Ended here Friday 9/30 Period 1 – (go back to this slide… students missed the bottom half of the slide)

Do Now Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration Using your word knowledge, what’s the difference between: Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration Begin here 5.4 In biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon molecules (usually carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic molecules (e.g. hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide) or methane as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as in photosynthesis…

Extra Extra! In biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon molecules (usually carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic molecules (e.g. hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide) or methane as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as in photosynthesis…

Do Now… write on page7 Define metabolism: How is energy made in living things? LP 5.4 start (prd 1,5,7)

Regulation Regulation - Organisms react to their surroundings in order to maintain homeostasis. The control and coordination of the bodies activities. Example: A plant seed can germinate (begin to grow) only when there is sufficient water Example: WE SWEAT! Why?

Body system involved in Regulation Nervous system Endocrine system

Reproduction Production of new individuals Genetic information (DNA)passed to offspring ****Not necessary for the survival of a single organism ***Is necessary for the continued existence of a particular kind of organism (species) Species – Organisms that can reproduce by interbreeding among themselves

Reproduction creating new individuals from one parent (mitosis) Asexual Reproduction – Sexual Reproduction – creating new individuals from two parents Lame You complete me Sexual Reproduction: Two Parents Asexual Reproduction: One Parent

Body system involved in Reproduction Reproductive system

Talk to me Do all organisms need oxygen to live? What is the difference between: Aerobic Anaerobic What is the difference between Asexual Sexual

Homeostasis Homeostasis: maintaining an internal stable environment The life functions we mentioned work towards maintaining homeostasis. EXTRA… Homeostasis = dynamic equilibrium It’s 98 degrees F outside. You start to sweat… why? You haven’t eaten for 2 days, your stomach grumbles… why? You eat bad Chinese food, and you get sick…why? Disease - Failure to maintain homeostasis

How would you visually show homeostasis?

How would you visually show homeostasis?

How does your body maintain Homeostasis Negative feedback: A response to a change in order to return the system/body to its original, stable state. Example: Temperature drops, your body gets colder than it should be… You begin to SHIVER Body temperature rises as a result! Body has certain blood sugar level; Too much sugar = body releases insulin to break down the sugar and keep your body’s blood-sugar level constant

Do Now …write on page 8 Define: Metabolism Organism Homeostasis Species Disease Begin here period 5 on Friday 10/6

Visual - Negative Feedback Maintaining Homeostasis

Describe what is going on…

To recap, There are 8 life functions you must remember: (How could we describe using what we know?) GRRRNETS Growth Respiration Regulation Reproduction Nutrition Excretion Transport Synthesis

Aim: What are the life functions necessary for survival? Do Now: Create a hypothesis and design an experiment. This week was hot! I went out to look for really good deodorant and was deciding between my original deodorant and deodorant X. I wanted to sweat less and my original deodorant was not cutting it! LP 5.1 – UPCO lesson & microscope homework review