Human Geography A Brief History.

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Presentation transcript:

Human Geography A Brief History

Classical Period Two traditions Literary Mathematical To describe and catalogue the Earth Mathematical To determine the exact shape and size of the Earth To accurately map the Earth

Herodotus 484-425 BC Known as “Father or History” And “Father or Lies” Traveled much of ancient work Wrote accounts of places and cultures The Histories

Eratosthenes 273-192 BC Father of Geography First to use term Geographica Calculated circumference of the Earth Produced map of “Known World”

Other Important Greeks Hipparchus Designed system of latitude and longitude Ptolemy Created first index of locations using grid Strabo Created first Encyclopedia

al Idrisi 1099-1166 AD Court geographer to King of Sicily Geographia In Middle Ages, most scientific knowledge kept and advanced by Islamic scholars Geographia Maps used by many later explorers

Mercator 1512-1594 AD Born Gheert Cremer in Flanders Cartographer Cointed the usage of “atlas” for map collection Map projection is still predominant

Bernhardus Varenius 1622-1650 AD German First to really write about Geography as an academic field Universal geography Whole Earth Special or Particular Geography Regions

Alexander von Humboldt 1769-1859 AD Naturalist Traveled extensively Scientific descriptions Cosmos Focused on humanity’s interaction with nature First to include humans as part of natural world

Carl Ritter 1779-1859 AD Organic view of geography Universal laws “The earth is a cosmic individual with a particular organisation…the exploration of this individuality of the earth is the task of geography” Universal laws Anatomy of the Earth

Ellen Churchill Semple 1863-1932 AD University of Chicago Studied in Germany Friedrich Ratzel Environmental Determinism Culture determined by environment

Carl Sauer 1889-1975 AD Rejected “environmental determinism” Landscape school Interaction of humans with the physical world possibilism