Muscle and nervous tissue

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Presentation transcript:

Muscle and nervous tissue Histology: Part III Muscle and nervous tissue

The 3 muscle types Skeletal – attached to bones of skeleton. Cardiac – the contractile tissue of the heart. Smooth – movement of materials through passageways or ducts.

Location and description Location/Description 1. Location – throughout the body 2. Description – Specialized Structures fibers shorten along longitudinal axis sarcoplasm – muscle cell cytoplasm sarcolemma – muscle cell cell membrane SARCOMERE = Functional muscle unit.

Muscle function Muscle Function – specialized cells for contraction Contraction results in the shortening of the muscle which causes the body parts to do work.

The sarcomere

Classification: skeletal (striated) 1: Skeletal Muscle (striated, voluntary muscle) A. Description very long fibers (1 ft.) Multinucleated , sphincter control Shows a banded appearance can’t divide B. Location – all along skeleton C. Function – moves skeleton; guards entrances and exits to digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts

Skeletal “Striated” Muscle

Skeletal “Striated” Muscle

Classification: Cardiac muscle 2. Cardiac Muscle (striated involuntary muscle) A. Description – Contains intercalated discs = connect muscles cells with each other uninucleated; banded appearance can’t divide (= amitotic) B. Location – heart only C. Function – cells work together for coordinated heart contraction

Cardiac “striated” muscle

Cardiac “striated” muscle

Cardiac “striated” muscle

Classification: smooth muscle 3. Smooth Muscle Tissue (non-striated involuntary muscle) A. Description: Small, spindle shaped cells. (like little kayaks) Contains a single nucleus Can divide and repair; Doesn’t contain bands B. Location – blood vessels; respiratory, digestive, and circulatory tracts C. Function can contract individually or as a group Moves food, blood, sex cells and urine through designated tracts.

Smooth “non-striated” Muscle

Smooth “non-striated” Muscle

Smooth “non-striated” Muscle

Nervous tissue A. Location/Description 1. Location – make up 98% brain and spinal cord 2. Description of Neurons Neurons – longest cells in body (39 inches) Incapable of dividing (=amitotic) Cell body contains nucleus and other essential organelles. Dendrites receive info from the axon terminals of the adjacent neuron. Axon transmits electrical impulse through cell.

The Neuron

The Neuron

The Neuron

Nervous tissue A. Location/Description 3. Description of Neuroglial Cells = non-neuronal cells that support neurons in brain and spine. Functions of Neuroglia: a. Surround and stabilize neurons. b. Form myelin that insulates neurons from each other. c. Supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons. d. Destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons.

Neuroglial cells