Problems with the Market: The Environment Lecture 6 September 21 Problems with the Market: The Environment
Example of Environmental problem from individual free-riding Your Choice Recyle Don’t recycle Everyone else’s choice Recycle $50 A $100 B Don’t Recycle -$50 C $0 D Individual annual cost of recycling = $50 Individual long-term benefit from recycling = $100
1987 TV Public Service Ad Against Pollution http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwYDyRKmxZc&feature=related
Energy Use in the USA and elsewhere, 2005 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% United States Europe Japan, SK, Australia, NZ China Africa Latin America % of global energy use % of global population
negative externality: Inter-generational negative externality: Displacing costs onto future generations
Displacing costs onto the powerless NIMBY externalities: Displacing costs onto the powerless
Census tracks in California by cancer risk from toxins in the air 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Lowest third of risk highest third of risk White Nonwhite
CENTRAL PROPOSITION: For capitalist firms pollution is not just an accident: In general, the most profitable economic strategies will be the most polluting because they successfully displace costs on others.
Lois Gibbs account of her Love Canal experience http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrzqFPego4A
Total subsidies for energy from the U. S Total subsidies for energy from the U.S. government 1950-2006 = over $700 billion 50% for oil & natural gas 13% for coal 11% for hydroelectric 9% for nuclear 6% for wind and solar
Funding for the E.P.A. as a % of the Federal Budget