Amalia Sholehah Jurusan T. Metalurgi FT – UNTIRTA TITRATION METHODS

Titrations are based on a reaction between analyte and a standard reagent  titrant The rection is of known and reproducible stoichiometry Titrimetry includes a group of analytical methods that are based on determining the quantity of a reagent of known concentration that is required to react completely with the analyte.

Titrimetric methods : Gravimetric Titrimetry Volumetric Titrimetry Coulometric Titrimetry Redox Titrimetry Amperometric Titrimetry Spectrophotometric Titrimetry

Terms in Volumetric Titrimetry Standard solution (standard titrant)  a reagent of exactly known concentration that is used in titrimetric analysis Equivalence point  theoretical point in a titration that is reached when the amount of added titrant is chemically equivalent to the amount of analyte in the sample

End point  the point in a titration when a physical change occurs that is associated with the condition of chemical equivalence Titration error (Et) Et = Vep - Veq where Vep = actual volume (end point) Veq = theoretical volume (equivalence point)

Primary standard must be : Primary standard  a high purified compound that serves as a reference material Primary standard must be : High purity Atmospheric stability Contain no hydrate water Modest cost Resonably soluble in titration medium Have a resonable large molar massa

Secondary standard  a compound whose purity has been established by chemical analysis and serves as reference material for titrimetric method

Ideal standard solution : Must be sufficiently stable React rapidly with the analyte React (more or less) compeletely with the analyte Undergo a selective reaction with the analyte Standard solution preparation : Direct method Standardization