Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 5 Topic: 2 Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 5 Topic: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Essential Question: Define atom, and identify its main parts and their features. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Define atom, and identify its main parts and their features. Key Concept: All living things are based on atoms and their interactions

How can this plant digest a frog? If plants can make their own food through photosynthesis, hypothesize why would a plant species evolve a mechanism to capture and eat animals?

Please open to Pg. 35 and read the paragraph in white font for your answer… Not EVERYTHING a plant needs is supplied by photosynthesis Most plants absorb additional nutrients form the soil such as nitrogen and phosphorus Venus fly traps live in swampy areas that have nitrogen poor soil, so they get this needed nitrogen by digesting animals

Venus Fly Trap

KEY CONCEPT All living things are based on atoms and their interactions.

An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter. Please draw and label an atom on the top half of pg. 4 energy level

Fun Fact It would take you over 1,000,000,000,000 (1 Trillion) years to count the number of atoms in a single grain of sand

Although there is a huge variety of matter on Earth, all atoms share the same basic structure… Protons- in the nucleus, Positively charged (+) Neutrons-in the nucleus, Neutrally charged (no charge) Electrons-much smaller particles on the outside of the nucleus on the energy level, Negatively charged (-) Energy Level

Energy levels: Electrons are located here Energy levels: Electrons are located here. The inner level holds a maximum of 2 electrons. Oxygen atom (O) Nucleus: 8 protons (+) 8 neutrons outermost energy level: 6 electrons (-) inner energy level: 2 electrons (-) Energy Levels

Bill Nye Part I- Atoms

What do you notice about these elements’ proton numbers and electron numbers? Iron Tin 50 P 50 E 69 N 79 P 79 E 118 N Gold Proton # = Electron# Aluminum 13 P 13 E 14 N

+P# = -E # = NEUTRAL!!!!! Gold electrically neutral!!!! Atoms have equal numbers of +P and –E so they are... electrically neutral!!!! +79 + (-79) = ??? Gold +79 + (-79) = 0 79 P 79 E 118 N +P# = -E # = NEUTRAL!!!!!

An element is one or more atoms of the same type. It cannot be broken down into simpler substances Can be put together to make compounds or molecules The atomic # (aka proton #) never varies Ex: Only Gold has 79 protons, Only Hydrogen has 1 proton gold aluminum

Ex: Only Tin has 50 protons Only Aluminum has 13 protons Aluminum Atoms of different elements differ in the number of protons they have. The proton # never varies. 26 P 26 E 30 N Iron 50 P 50 E 69 N Tin 79 P 79 E 118 N Gold Ex: Only Tin has 50 protons Only Aluminum has 13 protons Aluminum 13 P 13 E 14 N

How to read the Periodic Table of the Elements

How to read the Periodic Table of the Elements Atomic # = Proton # = Electron # All the same #!!!!!

How to read the Periodic Table of the Elements Electron Configuration allows us to know how many electrons are in each energy level 6 energy levels 1st=2 2nd=8 3rd= 18 4th= 32 5th=18 6th= 1 2+8+18+32+18+1= 79E

How to find the Proton, Electron, and Neutron # for any element Atomic # Element’s Symbol Element Name Atomic Mass Number of Protons = Atomic # Number of Electrons = #of Protons = Atomic # Number of Neutrons = Mass # (rounded up) - Atomic # 79 79 197 - 79 =118

Create Your Own Atom (P#/E#/N#) Mass (rounded up)-Atomic #= Neuron #

Bill Nye Part II- Elements

Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 7 Topic: 2 Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 7 Topic: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Essential Question: How do ions form? Compare Ionic and Covalent bonding. Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents! 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules How do Ions form? Compare Ionic and covalent bonding.

Q: Because all atoms are made of the same types of particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons), what difference among atoms makes one element different from other elements? Aluminum Iron Tin A: Atoms of different elements differ in the number of protons they have.

A compound is made of 2 or more different elements bonded together in a certain ratio. Ex: H20 Carbon dioxide (CO2) water (H2O) _ O H + Draw mini picture

A molecule is two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. All compounds are molecules NOT all molecules are compounds covalent covalent Ex: O2 Hydrogen O O Ex: H2O

Atoms Positive charge Proton # identifies element Nucleus: most mass of atom No electrical charge Neutron About same size as proton Atom: smallest basic unit of matter Is surrounded by Negative charge Electrons # equals # of protons Cloud: most volume of atom Forms chemical bonds Inner level only 2 Protons Energy Levels Other levels up to 8 Protons Tries to fill outer level

An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons (-) An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons (-). An ion forms because an atom is more stable when its outermost energy level is full. - +

Mostly empty outer energy levels= lose those electrons - Positive Ions: Mostly empty outer energy levels= lose those electrons Become POSITIVELY charged ion Negative Ions: Nearly full outer energy level =gain electrons Become a NEGATIVELY charged ion Energy level

+ - Please draw and Label on the top 1/3 of pg. 6 IONS 11P 17P 11P (+)

Understanding how an ion forms ionic bonds and covalent bonds is important because ions play large roles in organisms. They are important in all biological processes. A few examples are: They play a role in muscle contraction and cell shape Chloride (Cl-) is a chemical the human body needs for metabolism (the process of turning food into energy) Calcium ions (Ca2+) are necessary for every muscle movement in your body

Ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions. Dissolve in H2O. Draw in the middle section of pg. 6 “Opposites Attract!!!!” Now we have salt!!!!

H2O covalent bonds Share electrons in outer energy level Can have multiple bonds Strong bonds covalent covalent H2O Aka Water! Draw in the middle section of pg. 6 Hydrogen

Ionic and Covalent Bonding

Sponge On the bottom of pg. 6 create a double bubble map comparing and contrasting ionic bonds and covalent bonds. Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds Pg. 38-39 in book

Double bubble map comparing and contrasting ionic bonds and covalent bonds Bonds ions Form between oppositely charged ions Share electrons bonding Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds atoms Dissolve in H2O Strong Bond

Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 9 Topic: Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds Essential Question: None  Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds

Draw the atoms that are described below Draw the atoms that are described below. Remember what you have learned about where each one of the particles are located in an atom. Use red for protons, black for neutrons, and blue for electrons. 1. Nitrogen: Protons: 7 Neutrons: 7 Electrons: 7

Pg. 36-39 in book Draw an Atom 1. 2. 3. Atoms 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Elements Metals: Nonmetals: Metalloids: 11. 23. 12. 24 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. Molecules 1. 2. 3. 15. 4. 16. 5. 17. 6. 18. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. (picture) (picture) (picture) (picture) (picture) Pg. 8 Pg. 9

Complete “Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds” worksheet Classwork Complete “Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds” worksheet DO NOT complete “Compound” portion (last pg.) When you are done you are to work on your Eqs for 2.1 Cornell Questions (4-6)

Draw an Atom 1. Hydrogen 2. Carbon 3. Oxygen

Atoms 1. True 2. False- Electrons are negatively charged 3. True 4. False- Neutrons are neutrally charged 5. False- # of protons does not = the # of electrons 6. Helium 7. Carbon 8. A compound must at least 2 different elements bonded together, where a molecule is any 2 or more atoms bonded together

Elements Metals: 1 3 6 7 Nonmetals: 2 4 9 Metalloids: 5 8 10 12. atomic # 13. protons 14. below 15. mass 16. neutrons 17. nucleus 18. location 19. nitrogen 20. N 21. 7 22. 14.0 23. 7 24. 7 14= 7 + ___ Mass #= P# + N#

Molecules 11. 2 Hydrogen, 1 Sulfur, 4 Oxy 12. 1 Carbon, 4 Hydrogen 13. 6 Carbon, 12 Hydro, 6 Oxy 14. 2 Carbon, 4 Hydro, 2 Oxy 15. 6 Carbon, 8 Hydro, 7 Oxy 16. 2 Carbon, 6 Hydro, 1 Oxy 17. 3 Hydro, 1 phosphorus, 4 Oxy 18. 1 Silicon, 1 Oxygen 1. molecules 2. molecules 3. compounds 4. molecules 5. compounds 6. compounds 7. molecules 8. compounds 9. 2 Hydrogen, 1 Oxygen 10. 2 Nitrogen, 1 Oxygen