AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CH. 6 REVIEW Migration

Migration??? Long-term relocation to a new locale outside place of origin Emigration – leaving from Immigration – going to

Factors that Stimulate Migration (Why Migrate???) Conflict (Civil War) 1990s Yugoslavia: drove 3 million from homes Rwanda: 2 million fled to Zaire & Tanzania Economic Conditions Poverty Chance for work & better life Political Strife Oppressive regimes (Cuba, Uganda, Burma)

Factors (con.) Cultural Circumstances Environmental Change Jews to Israel Environmental Change Irish Potato Famine CA earthquake = emigrations Technological Advances Easier to travel & move Info availability USA is most mobile country in the world

Migration to a distant location that occurs in stages. CHAIN MIGRATION – Individuals follow the migration path of preceding friends/ family to an existing community STEP MIGRATION – Migration to a distant location that occurs in stages. Stops along the way

Ernst Ravenstein British Demographer Ravenstein's Laws of Migration: 1. Most migrants move only a short distance, and then typically to major cities. 2. Absorption-Rapidly growing cities are populated by migrants from nearby rural areas; in turn, the “gaps” left in the rural population are filled by migrants from more distant areas. 3. The process of dispersion is the inverse of the process of absorption and exhibits similar features- Leave outskirts first, then inner region. 4. Each main current of migration produces a compensating counter current. (Great Migration led to some White Flight) 5. Long-distance migrants tend to move to major cities. 6. Rural people have a higher propensity to migrate than urban people. 7. Women have a higher propensity to migrate within a country, men are more likely to migrate internationally than women

Migration – Gravity Model See Cheat Sheet online!! Gravity Model: Migration patterns work much like gravity Based on Ravenstein Why? If two settlements are the same distance from the migrants original home, migrant will choose larger settlement. (More to offer) If two settlements are same size, but one is closer, the migrant will choose the closer settlement

Intervening Opportunity Presence of a closer / better opportunity diminishes attractiveness of sites further away Might not make all the steps of your Migration (interruption)

Location vs. Distance Absolute & Relative Location (remember?!) Absolute Distance: physical distance between 2 points measured (mi / km) Relative Distance: distance measured in terms of cost and time Why is People’s perception of distance often distorted???

As distance increases, your perception of a place declines Push & Pull Factors: You better know by now! Distance Decay: ??? As distance increases, your perception of a place declines Human activity declines as distance from the source increases (gravity model!!!)

Distance Decay Graph

Voluntary vs. Forced Migrations Voluntary M.- relocation by choice Pull relevant (have an option) Forced M.- relocation by force (Push) Imposition of Authority (no option) Atlantic Slave trade Jews to Poland during WWII Forced M. Today? COUNTER MIGRATION: Gov’t sending back caught Illegal immigrants

African Forced Migration

Types of Human Movement Activity (Action) Space – ??? Daily routine through sequence of short moves Cyclic movement – ??? Cycle Within Daily activity space Commuting

Types of Human Movement Seasonal Movement – Cycle with seasons Go south for the winter Nomadism – moving time and time again over long familiar routes

Types of Human Movement Periodic Movement – ??? longer period of residence away from home base Military service College Migrant labor Transhumance – ??? pastoral farming of livestock moving with seasonal availability of pastures

External & Internal Migration Interregional (External) Migration: Moving across international borders (geographic realms) Europe to America Internal Migration: Within a Nation-State “Great Migration” from South to North in USA Retirees moving to FLA

DISLOCATION Sudden and Forced Migrations yield… Refugees: ??? dislocated involuntarily from original place of settlement & unable to return Difference between Refugee & Migrant? Refugee is official sanctioned status Eligible for International assistance Asylum, housing, food

Difficult to know exact totals UN refugee estimates: 1980 – 8 million 2000 – 24 million Difficult to know exact totals Flee into remote areas Govt’s can manipulate #’s to serve agenda

Types of Refugees INTER-national Refugee: ??? (external) crossed international borders EX??? INTRA-national Refugee: ??? (internal) remained in original country

When refugee life becomes way of life in new country over time Permanent Refugee: When refugee life becomes way of life in new country over time (integrated into host country) Palestinians in Jordan Temporary Refugee: Waiting in camps in host country for resettlement Palestinians in Lebanon

How to Tell if a Refugee (& not a Migrant) 1. Move only with what they can carry on their backs 2. Make 1st step on foot (bicycle, wagon) 3. Move without official documents

Regions of Dislocation Subsaharan Africa (Sudan, Rwanda, Congo) Middle East (Israel & Palestine) Europe (Yugoslavia) South Asia (Sri Lanka, Afghanistan) South East Asia (Cambodia 1975, Burma)

Rwandan Refugee Camp in Zaire

Palestinian Refugee Camp