Do Now – Socrative rm 420161 What is energy? The ability to move The ability to do work All chemical reactions in a cell What organism can make its own food? Autotroph Heterotroph Phototroph What is the idea that energy cannot be created or destroyed? First Law of Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics Third Law of Thermodynamics

Objectives To define energy. To list the different types of energy. To explain the laws of thermodynamics. To understand the general idea of photosynthesis and respiration.

Photosynthesis ATP Cellular Energy!! Chapter 8 Cellular Respiration

8.1: What is energy?! Energy- Thermodynamics- The ability to do work is the study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe.

Types of Energy ATP

Types of Energy Potential- stored energy, or energy of position. Kinetic- motion Chemical- energy found in bonds ( released when bonds are broken)

Laws of Thermodynamics First law —energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed. Ex. The body converts stored energy in food into Chemical Energy

Laws of Thermodynamics Second law —energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy. Ex. Energy Lost as Heat (some energy is changed to thermal energy)

Second Law of Thermodynamics Entropy Measure of disorder (randomness) Measure of unusable energy Entropy always ___________.

Review of Reactions… Endothermic- uses energy to make bonds H + H H2 Energy put in Exothermic- breaks bonds and releases energy H2 H + H Energy Released

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food. -Ex. Plants Heterotrophs are organisms that need to ingest food to obtain energy. Ex. Animals

Metabolism Metabolism: Two types of Metabolic Pathways: All chemical reactions in a cell Two types of Metabolic Pathways: Catabolic: Release energy by breaking down larger molecules Anabolic: Use energy to build larger molecules from smaller ones

Think- Pair - Share Of the following examples, list which ones are catabolic and anabolic 1. Amino acids becoming polypeptide chain 2. Glucose becoming glycogen 3. Your body breaking down food 4. Fatty Acids becoming triglycerides

Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP) Structure: Adenosine Molecule, a ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups

Processes involving Energy… Exit Ticket: Cellular respiration —organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell Type of process: Photosynthesis —light energy from the Sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell Type of Process: Entropy is _________________.