Epidemiology
Venous Pathophysiology
Etiology
Risk Factors and Screening Tips
History, Precipitating Factors, and Complications
Patient Assessment
CEAP Classification
Current Treatments
Catheter-based Treatments
Sclerotherapy and Sclerosing Agents
Physician-made Foam for Sclerotherapy
FDA-approved Polidocanol Injectable Foam
VANISH-2 Efficacy
VANISH-2: Symptom Results – VVSymQ™ Scores
Safety Trial for Patients With PFO
Contraindications
Clinical Outcomes
Low DVT Risks of All Options
Varicose Veins Is Cosmetic Treatment Medically Necessary?
Take-Home Messages
Take-Home Messages (cont)
Abbreviations
References
References (cont)